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| A Word to Instructors | |
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| A Word to Students | |
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| Moving from Medieval to Modern | |
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| The World God Made for Us | |
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| The Humanists | |
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| Reforming the Church | |
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| Skeptical Thoughts Revived | |
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| Copernicus to Kepler to Galileo: The Great Triple Play | |
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| Rene Descartes: Doubting Our Way to Certainty | |
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| The Method | |
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| Meditations: Commentary and Questions | |
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| Meditations on First Philosophy | |
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| Meditation I | |
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| Meditation II | |
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| Meditation III | |
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| Meditation IV | |
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| Meditation V | |
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| Meditation VI | |
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| What Has Descartes Done? | |
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| A New Ideal for Knowledge | |
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| A New Vision of Reality | |
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| Problems | |
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| The Preeminence of Epistemology | |
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| Hobbes, Locke, and Berkeley: Materialism and the Beginnings of Empiricism | |
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| Thomas Hobbes: Catching Persons in the Net of the New Science | |
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| Method | |
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| Minds and Motives | |
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| Profile: Francis Bacon | |
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| The Natural Foundation of Moral Rules | |
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| John Locke: Looking to Experience | |
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| Origin of Ideas | |
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| Idea of Substance | |
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| Idea of the Soul | |
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| Idea of Personal Identity | |
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| Language and Essence | |
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| The Extent of Knowledge | |
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| Of Representative Government | |
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| Of Toleration | |
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| George Berkeley: Ideas into Things | |
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| Abstract Ideas | |
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| Ideas and Things | |
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| God | |
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| David Hume: Unmasking the Pretensions of Reason | |
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| How Newton Did It | |
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| To Be the Newton of Human Nature | |
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| The Theory of Ideas | |
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| The Association of Ideas | |
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| Causation: The Very Idea | |
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| The Disappearing Self | |
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| * Profile: The Buddha | |
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| Rescuing Human Freedom | |
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| Is It Reasonable to Believe in God? | |
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| Understanding Morality | |
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| Reason Is Not a Motivator | |
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| The Origins of Moral Judgment | |
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| Is Hume a Skeptic? | |
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| Immanuel Kant: Rehabilitating Reason (within Strict Limits) | |
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| Critique | |
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| Judgments | |
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| Geometry, Mathematics, Space, and Time | |
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| Common Sense, Science, and the A Priori Categories | |
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| Profile: Baruch Spinoza | |
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| Phenomena and Noumena | |
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| Profile: Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz | |
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| Reasoning and the Ideas of Metaphysics: God, World, and Soul | |
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| The Soul | |
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| The World and Free Will | |
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| God | |
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| The Ontological Argument | |
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| Reason and Morality | |
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| The Good Will | |
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| The Moral Law | |
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| * Profile: Jean-Jacques Rousseau | |
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| Autonomy | |
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| Freedom | |
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| Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Taking History Seriously | |
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| Historical and Intellectual Context | |
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| The French Revolution | |
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| The Romantics | |
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| Epistemology Internalized | |
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| Profile: Arthur Schopenhauer | |
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| Self and Others | |
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| Stoic and Skeptical Consciousness | |
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| Hegel's Analysis of Christianity | |
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| Reason and Reality: The Theory of Idealism | |
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| Spirit Made Objective: The Social Character of Ethics | |
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| History and Freedom | |
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| Kierkegaard and Marx: Two Ways to ""Correct"" Hegel | |
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| Kierkegaard: On Individual Existence | |
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| The Aesthetic | |
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| The Ethical | |
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| The Religious | |
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| The Individual | |
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| Marx: Beyond Alienation and Exploitation | |
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| Alienation, Exploitation, and Private Property | |
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| Communism | |
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| The Utilitarians: Moral Rules and the Happiness of All (Including Women) | |
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| The Classic Utilitarians | |
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| The Rights of Women | |
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| Friedrich Nietzsche: The Value of Existence | |
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| Pessimism and Tragedy | |
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| Good-bye Real World | |
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| The Death of God | |
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| Revaluation of Values | |
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| Master Morality/Slave Morality | |
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| Our Morality | |
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| The Overman | |
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| Affirming Eternal Recurrence | |
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| The Pragmatists: Thought and Action | |
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| Charles Sanders Peirce | |
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| Fixing Belief | |
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| Belief and Doubt | |
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| Truth and Reality | |
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| Meaning | |
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| Signs | |
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| John Dewey | |
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| The Impact of Darwin | |
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| Naturalized Epistemology | |
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| Profile: William James | |
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| Nature and Natural Science | |
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| Value Naturalized | |
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| Analysis: Logical Atomism and the Logical Positivists | |
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| Language and Its Logic | |
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| Profile: Bertrand Russell | |
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| Ludwig Wittgenstein: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus | |
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| Picturing | |
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| Thought and Language | |
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| Logical Truth | |
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| Saying and Showing | |
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| Setting the Limit to Thought | |
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| Value and the Self | |
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| Good and Evil, Happiness and Unhappiness | |
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| The Unsayable | |
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| Logical Positivism | |
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| Ordinary Language: ""This Is Simply What I Do"" | |
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| The Later Wittgenstein: Philosophical Investigations | |
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| Philosophical Illusion | |
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| Language-Games | |
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| Ostensive Definitions | |
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| Objects | |
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| Family Resemblances | |
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| The Continuity of Wittgenstein's Thought | |
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| Our Groundless Certainty | |
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| Martin Heidegger: The Meaning of Being | |
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| What Is the Question? | |
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| The Clue | |
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| Phenomenology | |
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| Profile: Jean-Paul Sartre | |
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| Being-in-the-World | |
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| The ""Who"" of Dasein | |
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| Modes of Disclosure | |
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| Attunement | |
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| Understanding | |
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| Discourse | |
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| Falling-Away | |
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| Idle Talk | |
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| Curiosity | |
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| Ambiguity | |
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| Care | |
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| Truth | |
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| Death | |
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| Conscience, Guilt, and Resoluteness | |
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| Temporality as the Meaning of Care | |
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| The Priority of Being | |
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| Simone de Beauvoir: Existentialist, Feminist | |
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| Ambiguity | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Woman | |
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| Postmodernism and Physical Realism: Derrida, Rorty, Quine, and Dennett | |
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| Postmodernism | |
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| Deconstruction: Jacques Derrida | |
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| Liberal Ironist: Richard Rorty | |
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| Physical Realism | |
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| Science, Common Sense, and Metaphysics: Willard van Orman Quine | |
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| The Matter of Minds: Daniel Dennett | |
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| Afterword | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Credits | |
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| Index | |