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Mountain Climates | |
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Four Factors that Determine Climate | |
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Latitude | |
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Altitude | |
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Continentality | |
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Regional Circulations | |
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Mountain Climates of North America | |
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The Appalachians | |
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The Coast Range, the Alaska Range, the Cascade Range, and the Sierra Nevada | |
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The Rocky Mountains | |
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Between the Mountains | |
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An Introduction to the Atmosphere | |
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Atmospheric Scales of Motion and Atmospheric Composition | |
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Atmospheric Scales of Motion | |
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Atmospheric Composition | |
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Atmospheric Structure and the Earth's Boundary Layer | |
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Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere | |
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Temperature | |
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Atmospheric Stability | |
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The Atmospheric Boundary Layer and the Surface Energy Budget | |
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Pressure and Winds | |
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Atmospheric Pressure | |
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Winds | |
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Air Masses and Fronts | |
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Air Mass Source Regions and Trajectories | |
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Fronts | |
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Clouds and Fogs | |
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Clouds | |
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Fogs | |
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Precipitation | |
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Types of Precipitation | |
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Intensity of Precipitation | |
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Measuring Precipitation | |
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Formation of Precipitation | |
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Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Precipitation | |
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Icing | |
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Mountain Thunderstorms | |
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Weather Maps, Forecasts, and Data | |
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Weather Maps | |
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Forecasting Guidelines | |
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Weather Information: Data Collection and Dissemination | |
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Obtaining Professional Forecasts for Major Federal Projects | |
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Mountain Winds | |
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Terrain-Forced Flows | |
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Three Factors that Affect Terrain-Forced Flows | |
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Flow over Mountains | |
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Flow around Mountains | |
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Flows through Gaps, Channels, and Passes | |
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Blocking, Cold Air Damming, and Obstruction of Air Masses | |
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On the High Plains: The Low-Level Jet | |
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Diurnal Mountain Winds | |
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The Daily Cycle of Slope and Along-Valley Winds and Temperature Structure | |
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Modification of Diurnal Mountain Winds by Variations in the Surface Energy Budget | |
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Disturbances of the Daily Cycle by Larger Scale Flows | |
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The Four Components of the Mountain Wind System | |
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Diurnal Mountain Winds in Basins | |
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Diurnal Mountain Winds over Plateaus | |
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Other Local Thermally Driven Wind Systems | |
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Selected Applications of Mountain Meteorology | |
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Air Pollution Dispersion | |
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Classification and Regulation of Air Pollutants | |
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Air Quality Studies and Air Pollution Models | |
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Wind Speed and Air Pollution Concentrations | |
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Stability, Inversions, and Mixing Depth | |
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Synoptic Weather Categories and Air Pollution Dispersion | |
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Mountainous Terrain and Atmospheric Dispersion | |
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Assessing Air Pollution Potential in Mountain Terrain | |
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Fire Weather and Smoke Management | |
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The Fire Environment | |
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Fuel Moisture Content | |
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Fire Weather in Complex Terrain | |
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Critical Fire Weather | |
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Prescribed Fire and Smoke Management | |
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Monitoring Fire Weather and Smoke Dispersion Parameters | |
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Aerial Spraying | |
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Overview of Aerial Spraying | |
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Meteorological Factors that Affect Aerial Spraying Operations | |
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Spray Deposition | |
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Additional Considerations in Complex Terrain | |
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Collection of Meteorological Data | |
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Computer Modeling | |
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Integration of Meteorological Information into Operations | |
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References | |
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Appendixes | |
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Formulas | |
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Psychrometric Tables | |
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Sources of Information on Weather Monitoring and Instrumentation | |
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Units, Unit Conversion Factors, and Time Conversions | |
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Solar Radiation on Slopes | |
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Additional Reading | |
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METAR and TAF Code Abbreviations | |
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Glossary | |
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Abbreviations and Acronyms | |
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Index | |