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List of contributors | |
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Introduction | |
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Structural Imaging Findings and Macroscopic Pathology | |
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In vivo brain imaging in schizophrenia | |
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Brain morphology in schizophrenia | |
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Global versus regional changes | |
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Structural abnormalities as part of a neural network | |
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Timing and progression of structural abnormalities | |
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Diagnostic specificity of the findings | |
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Conclusions and future directions | |
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Hippocampal Pathology | |
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Neuroanatomy of the normal hippocampal formation | |
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Gross morphometry of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia | |
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Hippocampal cytoarchitecture and neuronal morphometry in schizophrenia | |
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Cognitive impairment, dementia, and investigations of neurodegeneration in schizophrenia | |
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Regional specificity of hippocampal neuropathological findings | |
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Concluding remarks | |
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Cortical Pathology: a New Generation of Quantitative Microscopic Studies | |
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Stereomorphometric studies | |
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The cortical GABA system | |
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The cortical glutamate system | |
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The cortical dopamine system | |
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Cortical pathology and the neurodevelopmental hypothesis | |
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Conclusions | |
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Synaptic Pathology | |
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Assessment of synapses | |
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Models of synaptic abnormalities in schizophrenia | |
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Studies of synapses in schizophrenia | |
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Discussion and conclusions | |
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Gliosis and its Implications for the Disease Process | |
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Glia and gliosis | |
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Gliosis in schizophrenia | |
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The meaning of an absence of gliosis | |
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Conclusions | |
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Cerebral Asymmetry | |
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Structural cerebral asymmetries | |
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Cerebral asymmetry in schizophrenia | |
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Conclusions | |
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Functional Imaging and Neural Circuitry in Schizophrenia | |
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Applied neuroimaging and the neuropathology of schizophrenia | |
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Functional imaging techniques | |
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Functional imaging and neurocircuitry | |
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Corticothalamocerebellar circuitry and cognitive dysmetria in schizophrenia | |
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Summary and conclusion | |
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Neuropathology and the Neurodevelopmental Model | |
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Evidence supporting a neurodevelopmental origin of schizophrenia | |
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Evidence against schizophrenia as a neurodegenerative disorder | |
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Neuropathological findings and the neurodevelopmental model | |
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Limitations of the neurodevelopmental model | |
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Cortical Development and Schizophrenia | |
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Molecular basis for the organisation of the forebrain | |
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Pattern formation and its functional consequences | |
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Fate determination | |
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Concluding remarks | |
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The Organization of Cortical Circuitry | |
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A model system for circuitry analysis: the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | |
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Cortical neuron types | |
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Laminar arrangement of neurons | |
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Organization of efferent projections | |
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Organization and termination of afferent projections | |
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Vulnerable prefrontal cortex circuitry in schizophrenia | |
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Perspectives from other Diseases and Lesions | |
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Neuropathology and diagnostic issues | |
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Diseases sharing non-specific pathological features with schizophrenia | |
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Disorders in which schizophrenia-like symptoms may occur | |
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Normal determinants of neuronal parmeters and the effects of experimental lesions | |
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Suggestions for future studies | |
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Animal Models of Schizophrenia | |
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Modeling schizophrenia in animals: some general considerations | |
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Neurodevelopmental animal models of schizophrenia | |
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Future approaches to modeling schizophrenia in animals | |
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A Sceptical View of the Neuropathology of Schizophrenia | |
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Overall brain dimensions | |
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Lateral ventricular enlargement | |
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Regional cerebral volumes | |
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Temporal lobe limbic structures | |
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Other brain structures | |
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Histological findings | |
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Conclusions | |
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Methodological Issues | |
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Methodological issues in case collection and selection | |
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Methodological issues for studies of neurochemical pathology | |
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Methodological issues for morphometric studies | |
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Neuropathological Consequences of Schizophrenia Treatments | |
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Neuropathological effects of antipsychotic drugs | |
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Neuropathological effects of other treatments | |
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Neuropathological effects of substance misuse | |
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Conclusions | |
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Index | |