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The West: Culture and Ideas | |
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Introduction | |
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Departure Prehistory to 1000 bce | |
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The Birth of Civilization | |
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Larger Issue: How do environments shape human communities and human communities alter environments? | |
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The Evolution of the Prehistoric Cultures | |
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The Archaic States | |
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The Origin of Civilization in Mesopotamia: Sumer | |
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The Rise of Civilization in Egypt | |
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The Rise of Empires and the Beginning of the Iron Age | |
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Larger Issue: Does civilization promote or intensify divisions among peoples? | |
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The Transition States | |
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Imperial Egypt: The New Kingdom | |
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The Indo-Europeans and the Clash of Empires | |
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The Bible and History | |
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The Classical Era 2000 bce to 30 ce | |
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Aegean Civilizations | |
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Larger Issue: When does civilization in the West become Western civilization? | |
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Minoan Mentors | |
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The Mycenaeans, Greeces First Civilization | |
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The Aegean Dark Age | |
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The Hellenic Era | |
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The Rise of the Mainland Powers | |
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The Persian Wars: Crucible of a Civilization | |
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The Hellenic Era | |
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Larger Issue: What did the Greeks contribute to the development of modern civilization? | |
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Persian Wars as Catalyst | |
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The Peloponnesian War | |
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Intellectual and Artistic Life in the Polis | |
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The Hellenistic Era and the Rise of Rome | |
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Larger Issue: What circumstances are likely to undermine governments by the people? | |
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The Hellenistic Era | |
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The Origin of Rome | |
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The Roman Republic | |
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Romes Civil War | |
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Romes Empire and the Unification of the Western World | |
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Larger Issue: Do people prefer order to liberty? | |
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The Augustan Era | |
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Order and Continuity: The Dynastic Option | |
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Order and Continuity: The Elective Option | |
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Life in an Imperial Environment | |
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The Decline of Rome | |
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The Division of the West 300 to 1300 | |
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The Wests Medieval Civilizations | |
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Larger Issue: Should freedom of religion be limited? | |
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The Christian Element | |
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The German Element | |
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The Byzantine Empire of Constantinople | |
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Islam | |
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The Emergence of Europe | |
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Larger Issue: How did Europe build on its legacies from the ancient world? | |
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The Merovingian Kingdom: Europes Nucleus | |
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The Franks Neighbors | |
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The Carolingian Era | |
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Retrenchment and Reorganization | |
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The Culture of Europes Dark Age | |
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Europe Turns Outward | |
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Larger Issue: Was conflict among the medieval civilizations inevitable? | |
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Islams Crest and Byzantiums Resurgence | |
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The Reorganization of Feudal Europe | |
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The Eleventh-Century Turning Point | |
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Europes High Middle Ages | |
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Larger Issue: Why are some societies more open to change than others? | |
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The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century | |
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Universities and Scholasticism | |
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Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion | |
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The Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages | |
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Government in the High Middle Ages | |
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Challenges, Conflicts, and Departures 1300 to 1700 | |
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Challenges to the Medieval Order | |
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Larger Issue: What did the crises of the late medieval era reveal about the strengths and weaknesses of Europes civilization? | |
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Challenges from Nature | |
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Turmoil in the Middle East | |
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Spiritual Crises | |
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Political Responses: The Burdens of War | |
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Renaissance and Exploration | |