| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Earthquake Basics | |
| |
| |
| Earthquakes: Myths, Legends, and Logic | |
| |
| |
| Myths, Legends, and Gods: Early Ideas on the Origin of Earthquakes | |
| |
| |
| The Natural World and Earthquakes | |
| |
| |
| The Age of Reason: The Eighteenth Century | |
| |
| |
| The Elastic Rebound Theory | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Measuring Earthquakes | |
| |
| |
| Intensity of Ground Shaking | |
| |
| |
| Development of Early Mechanical Seismographs | |
| |
| |
| Seismographs and Earthquake Waves | |
| |
| |
| Digital Networks and Arrays | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Faults and Earthquakes | |
| |
| |
| An Introduction to Faults and Faulting | |
| |
| |
| Not all Faults are Alike | |
| |
| |
| Fault Surfaces and Processes | |
| |
| |
| Fault Behavior and Time | |
| |
| |
| Faults and Topography | |
| |
| |
| Hidden Faults | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Earthquake Data Analysis and its Contributions to Science | |
| |
| |
| Earthquake Size and Location | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Earthquake Location | |
| |
| |
| Earthquake Depth | |
| |
| |
| Earthquake Size | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| The Earthquake Process | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| An Important Clue: First Motion of the Ground | |
| |
| |
| The Fault-Plane Solution: A Most Powerful Tool | |
| |
| |
| Focus Versus Fault: Earthquake Modeling | |
| |
| |
| Fault-Plane Solution Versus Earthquake Modeling | |
| |
| |
| The Hidden is Revealed | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Plate Tectonics | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Puzzles and Pieces | |
| |
| |
| The Appeal of Continental Drift: The Mountain that came to Mohammed | |
| |
| |
| The Engine that Couldn't | |
| |
| |
| Convection and a Mobile Seafloor | |
| |
| |
| Magnets, Poles, and Submarines: The Great Discovery | |
| |
| |
| Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Journey to the Center of Earth | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Caves and Hollow Places Below: Ideas About Earth's Interior | |
| |
| |
| Solid as a Rock | |
| |
| |
| A Layered Earth: P-Wave Echoes | |
| |
| |
| Structure of Earth's Interior | |
| |
| |
| X-Rays into Earth: Through a Glass Darkly | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Earthquakes, Earthquake Geography, and Safety | |
| |
| |
| Great Historic Earthquakes | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Kourion | |
| |
| |
| Basel | |
| |
| |
| Shansi | |
| |
| |
| Jamaica | |
| |
| |
| Lisbon | |
| |
| |
| New Madrid | |
| |
| |
| Sonora, Mexico | |
| |
| |
| San Francisco | |
| |
| |
| Tokyo | |
| |
| |
| Chile | |
| |
| |
| Alaska | |
| |
| |
| Peru | |
| |
| |
| Mexico City | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Earthquakes in the United States | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Western United States | |
| |
| |
| The Eastern United States | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Earthquake Prediction | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Snakes, Yaks, and Cockroaches | |
| |
| |
| New Madrid: A False Alarm | |
| |
| |
| Earthquake Prediction: The Long and Short of It | |
| |
| |
| Short-Term Prediction: Precursors, Successes, and Failures | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Rock Properties in Controlling Precursors | |
| |
| |
| Parkfield: The Earthquake Prediction Experiment | |
| |
| |
| Fossil Earthquakes: Rocks Tell Tales | |
| |
| |
| California and the Big One | |
| |
| |
| Emergency Preparedness | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| What to Do Before, During, and After an Earthquake | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Earthquake Hazards | |
| |
| |
| Preparation Before an Earthquake | |
| |
| |
| During an Earthquake | |
| |
| |
| After an Earthquake | |
| |
| |
| Case Histories: Luck Plays a Part | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Building for Earthquake Safety | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Basics: What is a Building? | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Design in Safety | |
| |
| |
| Ornamental Design and Chimneys | |
| |
| |
| Mobile Homes | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Government Emergency Services and Geoscience Organizations | |
| |
| |
| Computer-Based Earthquake Information | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| Illustration Credits | |
| |
| |
| Glossary of Terms | |
| |
| |
| Index | |