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Foreword | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Preface | |
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Introduction: The Challenges in Forensic Accounting | |
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Introduction | |
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Characteristics and Types of Fraud | |
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Management Fraud Schemes | |
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Employee Fraud Schemes | |
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Cyber-crime | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Endnotes | |
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Legislation, Regulation, and Guidance Impacting Forensic Accounting | |
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Introduction | |
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U.S. Legislative Response to Fraudulent Financial Reporting. | |
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The Emphasis on Prosecution of Fraud at the Department of Justice | |
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The Role of the FBI in Detecting Corporate Fraud | |
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Professional Guidance in SAS 99 | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Endnotes | |
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Preventive Measures: Corporate Governance and Internal Controls | |
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Introduction | |
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Corporate Governance Issues in Developed Economies | |
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Emerging Economies and Their Unique Corporate Governance Issues | |
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Organizational Controls | |
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A System of Internal Controls | |
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The COSO Framework on Internal Controls | |
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Benefits, Costs, and Limitations of Internal Controls | |
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Incorporation of Fraud Risk in the Design of Internal Controls | |
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Legislation on Internal Controls | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Endnotes | |
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Detection of Fraud: Shared Responsibility | |
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Introduction | |
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Expectations Gap in the Accounting Profession | |
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Responsibility of the External Auditor | |
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Responsibility of the Board of Directors | |
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Role of the Audit Committee | |
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Managements Role and Responsibilities in the Financial Reporting Process | |
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The Role of the Internal Auditor | |
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Who Blows the Whistle | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Endnotes | |
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Data Mining. | |
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Introduction | |
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Data Classification | |
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Association Analysis | |
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Cluster Analysis | |
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Outlier Analysis | |
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Data Mining to Detect Money Laundering | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Endnotes | |
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Transitioning to Evidence | |
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Introduction | |
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Probability Concepts and Terminology | |
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Schematic Representation of Evidence | |
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Information and Evidence | |
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Mathematical Definitions of Prior, Conditional, and Posterior Probability | |
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The Probative Value of Evidence | |
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Bayes� Rule | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Endnote | |
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Discrete Probability Distributions | |
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Introduction | |
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Generic Definitions and Notations | |
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The Binomial Distribution | |
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Poisson Probability Distribution | |
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Hypergeometric Distribution | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Endnotes | |
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Continuous Probability Distributions | |
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Introduction | |
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Conceptual Development of Probability Framework | |
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Uniform Probability Distribution | |
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Normal Probability Distribution | |
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Testing for Normality | |
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Chebycheff's Inequality | |
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Binomial Distribution Expressed as a Normal Distribution | |
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The Exponential Distribution | |
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Joint Distribution of Continuous Random Variables | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Sampling Theory and Techniques | |
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Introduction | |
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Motivation for Sampling | |
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Theory Behind Sampling | |
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Statistical Sampling Techniques | |
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Nonstatistical Sampling Techniques | |
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Sampling Approaches in Auditing | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Endnotes.... | |
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Statistical Inference from Sample Information | |
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Introduction | |
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The Ability to Generalize Sample Data to Population Parameters | |
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Central Limit Theorem and non-Normal Distributions | |
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Estimation of Population Parameter | |
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Confidence Intervals | |
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Confidence Interval for a Large Sample When Population Standard Deviation Is Known | |
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Confidence Interval for a Large Sample When Population Standard Deviation Is Unknown | |
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Confidence Intervals for Small Samples | |
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Confidence Intervals for Proportions | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Endnote | |
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Determining Sample Size | |
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Introduction | |
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Computing Sample Size When Population Deviation Is Known | |
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Sample Size Estimation when Population Deviation Is Unknown | |
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Sample Size Estimation for Proportions | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Regression and Correlation | |
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Introduction | |
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Probabilistic Linear Models | |
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Correlation | |
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Least Squares Regression | |
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Coefficient of Determination | |
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Test of Significance and p-Values | |
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Prediction Using Regression | |
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Caveats and Limitations of Regression Models | |
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Other Regression Models | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Index | |