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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Why Electrical Engineering? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Electrical Engineering and a Successful Career | |
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| What Do You Need to Know about EE? | |
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| Real Career Success Stories | |
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| Typical Situations Encountered on the Job | |
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| On-the-Job Situation 1: Active Structural Control | |
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| On-the-Job Situation 2: Chemical Process Control | |
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| On-the-Job Situation 3: Performance of an Off-Road Vehicle Prototype | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Fundamentals of Electric Circuits | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Charge and Current | |
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| Voltage | |
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| Respective Direction of Voltage and Current | |
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| Kirchhoff's Current Law | |
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| Kirchhoff's Voltage Law | |
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| Ohm's Law and Resistors | |
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| Resistivity of a Resistor | |
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| Nonlinear Resistors | |
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| Time-Varying Resistors | |
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| Power and Energy | |
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| Resistor-Consumed Power | |
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| Independent and Dependent Sources | |
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| Analysis of Circuits Using PSpice | |
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| Bias Point Analysis | |
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| Time Domain (Transient) Analysis | |
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| Copy the Simulation Plot to the Clipboard to Submit Electronically | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Problems | |
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| Resistive Circuits | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Resistors in Parallel and Series and Equivalent Resistance | |
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| Voltage and Current Division/Divider Rules | |
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| Voltage Division | |
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| Current Division | |
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| Nodal and Mesh Analysis | |
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| Nodal Analysis | |
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| Mesh Analysis | |
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| Special Conditions: Super Node | |
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| Th�venin/Norton Equivalent Circuits | |
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| Source Transformation | |
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| Superposition Principle | |
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| Maximum Power Transfer | |
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| Analysis of Circuits Using PSpice | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Problems | |
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| Capacitance and Inductance | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Capacitors | |
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| the Relationship Between Charge, Voltage, and Current | |
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| Power | |
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| Energy | |
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| Capacitors in Series and Parallel | |
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| Series Capacitors | |
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| Parallel Capacitance | |
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| Inductors | |
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| the Relationship Between Voltage and Current | |
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| Power and Stored Energy | |
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| Inductors in Series and Parallel | |
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| Inductors in Series | |
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| Inductors in Parallel | |
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| Applications of Capacitors and Inductors | |
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| Fuel Sensors | |
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| Vibration Sensors | |
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| Analysis of Capacitive and Inductive Circuits Using PSpice | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Problems | |
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| Transient Analysis | |
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| Introduction | |
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| First-Order Circuits | |
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| RC Circuits | |
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| RL Circuits | |
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| DC Steady State | |
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| DC Steady State for Capacitive-Inductive Circuits | |
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| Second-Order Circuits | |
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| Series RLC Circuits with a DC Voltage Source | |
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| Parallel RLC Circuits with a DC Voltage Source | |
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| Transient Analysis with Sinusoid Forcing Functions | |
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| Using PSpice to Investigate the Transient Behavior of RL and RC Circuits | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Problems | |
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| Steady-State AC Analysis | |
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| Introduction: Sinusoidal Voltages and Currents | |
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| Root-Mean-Square (rms) Values (Effective Values) | |
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| Instantaneous and Average Power | |
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| Phasors | |
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| Phasors in Additive or (Subtractive) Sinusoids | |
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| Complex Impedances | |
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| the Impedance of a Resistor | |
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| the Impedance of an Inductor | |
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| the Impedance of a Capacitor | |
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| Series Connection of Impedances | |
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| Parallel Connection of Impedances | |
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| Steady-State Circuit Analysis Using Phasors | |
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| Th�venin and Norton Equivalent Circuits with Phasors | |
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| Th�venin Equivalent Circuits with Phasors | |
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| Norton Equivalent Circuits with Phasors | |
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| AC Steady-State Power | |
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| Average Power | |
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| Power Factor | |
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| Reactive Power | |
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| Complex Power | |
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| Apparent Power | |
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| Maximum Average Power Transfer | |
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| Power Factor Correction | |
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| Steady-State Circuit Analysis Using PSpice | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Problems | |
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| Frequency Analysis | |
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| Introduction | |
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| First-Order Filters | |
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| Transfer Functions | |
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| Low-Pass Filters | |
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| Magnitude and Phase Plots | |
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| Decibels | |
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| Bode Plot | |
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| High-Pass Filters | |
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| Cascaded Networks | |
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| Second-Order Filters | |
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| Band-Pass Filters | |
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| Band-Stop Filters | |
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| MATLAB Applications | |
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| Frequency Response Analysis Using PSpice | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Problems | |
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| Electronic Circuits | |
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| Introduction | |
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| P-Type and N-Type Semiconductors | |
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| Diodes | |
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| Diode Applications | |
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| Different Types of Diodes | |
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| AC-to-DC Converter | |
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| Transistors | |
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| Bipolar Junction Transistor | |
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| Transistor as an Amplifier | |
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| Transistors as Switches | |
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| Field-Effect Transistors | |
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| Design of NOT Gates Using NMOS Only for High-Density Integration | |
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| Design of a Logic Gate Using CMOS | |
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| Operational Amplifiers | |
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| Using PSpice to Study Diodes and Transistors | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Power Systems and Transmission Lines | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Three-Phase Systems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Phase Sequence | |
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| Y-Connected Generators | |
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| Y-Connected Loads | |
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| �-Connected Loads | |
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| �-Star and Star-� Transformations | |
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| Power in Three-Phase Systems | |
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| Comparison of Star and � Load Connections | |
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| Advantages of Three-Phase Systems | |
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| Transmission Lines | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Resistance (R) | |
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| Different Types of Conductors | |
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| Inductance (L) | |
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| Capacitance | |
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| Transmission Line Equivalent Circuits | |
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| Using PSpice to Study Three-Phase Systems | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Fundamentals of Logic Circuits | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Number Systems | |
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| Binary Numbers | |
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| Hexadecimal Numbers | |
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| Octal Numbers | |
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| Boolean Algebra | |
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| Boolean Inversion | |
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| Boolean and Operation | |
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| Boolean OR Operation | |
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| Boolean NAND Operation | |
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| Boolean NOR Operation | |
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| Boolean XOR Operation | |
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| Summary of Boolean Operations | |
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| Rules Used in Boolean Algebra | |
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| De Morgan's Theorems | |
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| Commutativity Rule | |
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| Associativity Rule | |
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| Distributivity Rule | |
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| Basic Logic Gates | |
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| the NOT Gate | |
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| the and Gate | |
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| the OR Gate | |
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| the NAND Gate | |
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| the NOR Gate | |
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| the XOR Gate | |
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| the XNOR Gate | |
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| Sequential Logic Circuits | |
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| Flip-Flops | |
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| Counter | |
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| Using PSpice to Analyze Digital Logic Circuits | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Reference | |
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| Problems | |
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| Computer-Based Instrumentation Systems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sensors | |
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| Pressure Sensors | |
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| Temperature Sensors | |
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| Accelerometers | |
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| Strain-Gauges/Load Cells | |
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| Acoustic Sensors | |
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| Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDT) | |
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| Signal Conditioning | |
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| Amplifiers | |
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| Active Filters | |
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| Data Acquisition | |
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| Analog Multiplexer | |
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| Analog-to-Digital Conversion | |
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| Grounding Issues | |
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| Ground Loops | |
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| Using PSpice to Demonstrate a Computer-Based Instrument | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Principles of Electromechanics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Magnetic Fields | |
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| Magnetic Flux and Flux Intensity | |
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| Magnetic Field Intensity | |
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| the Right-Hand Rule | |
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| Forces on Charges by Magnetic Fields | |
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| Forces on Current-Carrying Wires | |
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| Flux Linkages | |
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| Faraday's Law and Lenz's Law | |
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| Magnetic Circuits | |
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| Magnetomotive Force | |
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| Reluctance | |
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| Mutual Inductance and Transformers | |
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| Mutual Inductance | |
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| Transformers | |
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| Different Types of Transformers | |
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| Using PSpice to Simulate Mutual Inductance and Transformers | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Problems | |
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| Electric Machines | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Features of Electric Machines | |
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| Classification of Motors | |
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| DC Motors | |
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| Principle of Operation | |
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| Assembly of a Typical DC Motor | |
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| Operation of a DC Motor | |
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| Losses in DC Machines | |
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| Different Types of DC Motors | |
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| Analysis of a DC Motor | |
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| Shunt-Connected DC Motor | |
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| Separately Excited DC Motors | |
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| Permanent Magnet (PM) DC Motor | |
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| Series-Connected DC Motor | |
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| Summary of DC Motors | |
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| Speed Control Methods | |
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| Speed Control by Varying the Field Current | |
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| Speed Control by Varying the Armature Current | |
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| DC Generators | |
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| the Architecture and Principle of Operation of a DC Generator | |
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| emf Equation | |
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| Different Types of DC Generators | |
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| Load Regulation Characteristics of DC Generators | |
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| Separately Excited DC Generator | |
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| Shunt-Connected DC Generator | |
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| AC Motors | |
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| Three-Phase Synchronous Motors | |
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| Three-Phase Induction Motor | |
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| Losses in AC Machines | |
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| Power Flow Diagram for an AC Motor | |
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| AC Generators | |
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| Construction and Working | |
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| Winding Terminologies for the Alternator | |
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| the emf Equation of an Alternator | |
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| Special Types of Motors | |
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| Single-Phase Induction Motors | |
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| Stepper Motors | |
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| Brushless DC Motors | |
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| Universal Motors | |
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| How is the Most Suitable Motor Selected? | |
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| Setup of a Simple DC Motor Circuit Using PSpice | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Electrical Measurement Instruments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Measurement Errors | |
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| Basic Measurement Instruments | |
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| An Ammeter Built Using a Galvanometer | |
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| A Voltmeter Built Using a Galvanometer | |
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| An Ohmmeter Built Using a Galvanometer | |
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| Multi-Meters | |
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| Time Domain and Frequency Domain | |
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| the Time Domain | |
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| the Frequency Domain | |
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| Time Domain Versus Frequency Domain | |
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| the Oscilloscope | |
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| the Spectrum Analyzer | |
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| Adjusting the Spectrum Analyzer's Display Window | |
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| the Function Generator | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| Problems | |
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| Electrical Safety | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Electric Shock | |
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| Shock Effects | |
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| Shock Prevention | |
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| Electromagnetic Hazards | |
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| High-Frequency Hazards | |
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| Low-Frequency Hazards | |
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| Avoiding Radio Frequency Hazards | |
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| Arcs and Explosions | |
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| Arcs | |
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| Blasts | |
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| Explosion Prevention | |
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| the National Electric Code | |
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| Shock Prevention | |
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| Fire Prevention | |
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| What Did You Learn? | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Solving Linear Equations | |
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| Laplace Transform | |
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| Complex Numbers | |
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| Selected Solutions | |
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| Index | |