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Preface | |
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Read Me | |
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Frequently Asked Questions | |
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Introduction | |
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Dimensions, Units, and Their Conversion | |
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Units and Dimensions | |
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Operations with Units | |
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Conversion of Units and Conversion Factors | |
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Dimensional Consistency (Homogeneity) | |
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Significant Figures | |
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Validation of Problem Solutions | |
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Moles, Density, and Concentration | |
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The Mole | |
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Density | |
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Specific Gravity | |
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Flow Rate | |
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Mole Fraction and Mass (Weight) Fraction | |
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Analyses of Multicomponent Solutions and Mixtures | |
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Concentration | |
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Choosing A Basis | |
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Temperature | |
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Pressure | |
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Pressure and Its Units | |
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Measurement of Pressure | |
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Differential Pressure Measurements | |
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Material Balances | |
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Introduction to Material Balances | |
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The Concept of a Material Balance | |
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Open and Closed Systems | |
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Steady-State and Unsteady-State Systems | |
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Multiple Component Systems | |
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Accounting for Chemical Reactions in Material Balances | |
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Material Balances for Batch and Semi-Batch Processes | |
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A General Strategy for Solving Material Balance Problems | |
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Problem Solving | |
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The Strategy for Solving Problems | |
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Solving Material Balance Problems for Single Units without Reaction | |
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The Chemical Reaction Equation and Stoichiometry | |
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Stoichiometry | |
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Terminology for Applications of Stoichiometry | |
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Material Balances for Processes Involving Reaction | |
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Species Material Balances | |
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Element Material Balances | |
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Material Balances Involving Combustion | |
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Material Balance Problems Involving Multiple Units | |
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Recycle, Bypass, Purge, and the Industrial Application Of Material Balances | |
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Introduction | |
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Recycle without Chemical Reaction | |
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Recycle with Chemical Reaction | |
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Bypass and Purge | |
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The Industrial Application of Material Balances | |
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GASES, VAPORS, LIQUIDS, AND SOLIDS | |
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Ideal Gases | |
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The Ideal Gas Law | |
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Ideal Gas Mixtures and Partial Pressure | |
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Material Balances Involving Ideal Gases | |
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Real Gases: Compressibility | |
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Real Gases: Equations of State | |
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Single Component Two-Phase Systems (Vapor Pressure) | |
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Phase Diagrams | |
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Modeling and Predicting Vapor Pressure as a Function of Temperature | |
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Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Systems (Saturation, Condensation, and Vaporization) | |
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Saturation | |
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Condensation | |
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Vaporization | |
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Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Systems (Partial Saturation and Humidity) | |
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Terminology Involved for Partial Saturation | |
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Material Balance Problems Involving Partial Saturation | |
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The Phase Rule and Vapor-Liquid Equilibria | |
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The Gibbs Phase Rule | |
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Vapor-Liquid Equlibria in Binary Systems | |
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Liquids and Gases in Equilibrium with Solids | |
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Energy Balances | |
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Energy: Terminology, Concepts, and Units | |
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The Terminology Associated with Energy Balances | |
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Types of Energy | |
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Introduction to Energy Balances For Processes Without Reaction | |
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The Concept of the Conservation of Energy | |
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Energy Balances for Closed, Unsteady-State Systems | |
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Energy Balances for Closed, Steady-State Systems | |
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Energy Balances for Open, Unsteady-State Systems | |
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Energy Balances for Open, Steady-State Systems | |
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Calculation of Enthalpy Changes | |
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Phase Transitions | |
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Heat Capacity Equations | |
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Tables and Charts to Retrieve Enthalpy Values | |
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Computer Databases | |
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Application Of Energy Balances in the Absence of Chemical Reactions | |
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Simplifications of the General Energy Balance | |
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The Strategy for Solving Energy Balance Problems | |
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Application of the Energy Balance to Closed Systems | |
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Application of the Energy Balance to Open Systems | |
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Energy Balances: How to Account for Chemical Reaction | |
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The Standard Heat (Enthalpy) of Formation | |
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The Heat (Enthalpy) of Reaction | |
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Merging the Heat of Formation with the Sensible Heat of a Compound in Making an Energy Balance | |
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The Heat of Combustion | |
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Energy Balances That Include the Effects of Chemical Reaction | |
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Analysis of the Degrees of Freedom to Include the Energy Balance with Reaction | |
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Applications of Energy Balances in Processes that Include Reactions | |
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Ideal Processes, Efficiency, and the Mechanical Energy Balance | |
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Ideal Reversible Processes | |
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Efficiency | |
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The Mechanical Energy Balance | |
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Heats of Solution and Mixing | |
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Heats of Solution, Dissolution, and Mixing | |
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Introducing the Effects of Mixing into the Energy Balance | |
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Humidity (Psychrometric) Charts and Their Use | |
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Terminology | |
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The Humidity (Psychrometric) Chart | |
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Applications of the Humidity Chart | |
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Supplementary Material (On The Accompanying Cd) | |
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Analysis of the Degrees of Freedom in a Steady-State Process | |
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Solving Material and Energy Balances Using Process Simulators (Flowsheeting Codes) | |
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Unsteady-State Material and Energy Balances | |
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Appendices | |
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Answers To Self-Assessment Tests | |
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Atomic Weights and Numbers | |
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Table of the Pitzer Z0 and Z1 Factors | |
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Physical Properties of Various Organic and Inorganic Substances | |
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Heat Capacity Equations | |
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Heats of Formation and Combustion | |
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Vapor Pressures | |
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Heats of Solution and Dilution | |
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Enthalpy-Concentration Data | |
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Thermodynamic Charts | |
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Physical Properties of Petroleum Fractions | |
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Solution of Sets of Equations | |
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Fitting Functions to Data | |
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Answers to Selected Problems | |
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Index | |