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| Preface | |
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| About the Author | |
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| Reader's and Instructor's Guide | |
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| Outline of the Book | |
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| A Roadmap for Readers and Instructors | |
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| Internet and Web Resources | |
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| Background | |
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| Computer System Overview | |
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| Basic Elements | |
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| Evolution of the Microprocessor | |
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| Instruction Execution | |
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| Interrupts | |
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| The Memory Hierarchy | |
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| Cache Memory | |
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| Direct Memory Access | |
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| Multiprocessor and Multicore Organization | |
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| Recommended Reading and Web Sites | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Performance Characteristics of Two-Level Memory | |
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| Procedure Control | |
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| Operating System Overview | |
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| Operating System Objectives and Functions | |
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| The Evolution of Operating Systems | |
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| Major Achievements | |
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| Developments Leading to Modern Operating Systems | |
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| Virtual Machines | |
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| OS Design Considerations for Multiprocessor and Multicore | |
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| Microsoft Windows Overview | |
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| Traditional UNIX Systems | |
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| Modern UNIX Systems | |
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| Linux | |
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| Recommended Reading and Web Sites | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Processes | |
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| Process Description and Control | |
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| What is a Process? | |
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| Process States | |
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| Process Description | |
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| Process Control | |
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| Execution of the Operating System | |
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| Security Issues | |
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| UNIX SVR4 Process Management | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Threads | |
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| Processes and Threads | |
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| Types of Threads | |
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| Multicore and Multithreading | |
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| Windows 7 Thread and SMP Management | |
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| Solaris Thread and SMP Management | |
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| Linux Process and Thread Management | |
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| Mac OS X Grand Central Dispatch | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Concurrency: Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization | |
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| Principles of Concurrency | |
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| Mutual Exclusion: Hardware Support | |
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| Semaphores | |
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| Monitors | |
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| Message Passing | |
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| Readers/Writers Problem | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Concurrency: Deadlock and Starvation | |
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| Principles of Deadlock | |
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| Deadlock Prevention | |
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| Deadlock Avoidance | |
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| Deadlock Detection | |
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| An Integrated Deadlock Strategy | |
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| Dining Philosophers Problem | |
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| UNIX Concurrency Mechanisms | |
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| Linux Kernel Concurrency Mechanisms | |
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| Solaris Thread Synchronization Primitives | |
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| Windows 7 Concurrency Mechanisms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Memory | |
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| Memory Management | |
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| Memory Management Requirements | |
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| Memory Partitioning | |
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| Paging | |
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| Segmentation | |
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| Security Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Loading and Linking | |
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| Virtual Memory | |
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| Hardware and Control Structures | |
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| Operating System Software | |
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| UNIX and Solaris Memory Management | |
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| Linux Memory Management | |
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| Windows 7 Memory Management | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading and Web Sites | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Scheduling | |
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| Uniprocessor Scheduling | |
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| Types of Scheduling | |
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| Scheduling Algorithms | |
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| Traditional UNIX Scheduling | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Response Time | |
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| Queuing Systems | |
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| Multiprocessor and Real-Time Scheduling | |
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| Multiprocessor Scheduling | |
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| Real-Time Scheduling | |
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| Linux Scheduling | |
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| UNIX FreeBSD Scheduling | |
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| Windows 7 Scheduling | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Input/Output and Files | |
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| I/O Management and Disk Scheduling | |
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| I/O Devices | |
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| Organization of the I/O Function | |
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| Operating System Design Issues | |
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| I/O Buffering | |
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| Disk Scheduling | |
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| RAID | |
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| Disk Cache | |
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| UNIX FreeBSD I/O | |
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| Linux I/O | |
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| Windows 7 I/O | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Disk Storage Devices | |
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| File Management | |
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| Overview | |
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| File Organization and Access | |
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| File Directories | |
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| File Sharing | |
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| Record Blocking | |
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| Secondary Storage Management | |
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| File System Security | |
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| UNIX File Management | |
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| Linux File Management | |
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| Windows 7 File System | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Embedded Systems | |
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| Embedded Operating Systems | |
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| Embedded Systems | |
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| Characteristics of Embedded Operating Systems | |
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| ECOS | |
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| TinyOS | |
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| Recommended Reading and Web Sites | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Security | |
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| Computer Security Threats | |
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| Computer Security Concepts | |
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| Threats, Attacks, and Assets | |
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| Intruders | |
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| Malicious Software Overview | |
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| Viruses, Worms, and Bots | |
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| Rootkits | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Computer Security Techniques | |
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| Authentication | |
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| Access Control | |
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| Intrusion Detection | |
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| Malware Defense | |
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| Dealing with Buffer Overflow Attacks | |
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| Windows 7 Security | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Distributed Systems | |
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| Distributed Processing, Client/Server, and Clusters | |
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| Client/Server Computing | |
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| Distributed Message Passing | |
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| Remote Procedure Calls | |
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| Clusters | |
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| Windows 7 Cluster Server | |
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| Sun Cluster | |
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| Beowulf and Linux Clusters | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Topics in Concurrency | |
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| Mutual Exclusion: Software Approaches | |
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| Race Conditions and Semaphores | |
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| A Barbershop Problem | |
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| Problems | |
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| Animations and Animation Projects | |
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| Simulations | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Research Projects | |
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| Reading/Report Assignments | |
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| Writing Assignments | |
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| Documentation Projects | |
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| BACI and Nachos | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |
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| Online Chapters and Appendices | |
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| Networking | |
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| The Need for a Protocol Architecture | |
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| The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture | |
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| Sockets | |
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| Linux Networking | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading and Web Sites | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| The Trivial File Transfer Protocol | |
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| Distributed Process Management | |
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| Process Migration | |
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| Distributed Global States | |
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| Distributed Mutual Exclusion | |
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| Distributed Deadlock | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Overview of Probability and Stochastic Processes | |
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| Probability | |
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| Random Variables | |
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| Elementary Concepts of Stochastic Processes | |
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| Recommended Reading and Web Sites | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Queuing Analysis | |
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| How Queues Behave���A Simple Example | |
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| Why Queuing Analysis? | |
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| Queuing Models | |
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| Single-Server Queues | |
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| Multiserver Queues | |
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| Examples | |
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| Queues with Priorities | |
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| Networks of Queues | |
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| Other Queuing Models | |
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| Estimating Model Parameters | |
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| Recommended Reading and Web Sites | |
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| Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems | |
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| Programming Project One: Developing a Shell | |
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| Programming Project Two: the HOST Dispatcher Shell | |
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| Topics in Computer Organization | |
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| Processor Registers | |
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| Instruction Execution | |
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| I/O Communication Techniques | |
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| Hardware Performance Issues and Multicore Organization | |
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| Object-Oriented Design | |
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| Motivation | |
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| Object-Oriented Concepts | |
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| Benefits of Object-Oriented Design | |
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| CORBA | |
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| Recommended Reading and Web Sites | |
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| Amdahl's Law | |
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| Hash Tables | |
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| Response Time | |
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| Queuing System Concepts | |
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| The Single-Server Queue | |
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| The Multiserver Queue | |
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| Poisson Arrival Rate | |
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| The Complexity of Algorithms | |
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| Standards Organizations | |
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| The Importance of Standards | |
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| Standards and Regulation | |
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| Standards-Setting Organizations | |
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| Cryptographic Algorithms | |
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| Symmetric Encryption | |
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| Public-Key Cryptography | |
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| Secure Hash Functions | |
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| The International Reference Alphabet | |
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| BACI: the Ben-Ari Concurrent Programming System | |
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| Introduction | |
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| BACI | |
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| Examples of BACI Programs | |
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| BACI Projects | |
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| Enhancements to the BACK System | |
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| Sockets: A Programmer's Introduction | |
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| Versions of Sockets | |
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| Sockets, Socket Descriptors, Ports, and Connections | |
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| The Client/Server Model of Communication | |
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| Sockets Elements | |
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| Stream and Datagram Sockets | |
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| Run-Time Program Control | |
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| Remote Execution of a Windows Console Application | |