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| Preface | |
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| General Aspects of Propagation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Role of Plant Propagation in Human History | |
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| Evolution of Plant Propagation | |
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| The Development of Nurseries | |
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| The Modern Plant Propagation Industry | |
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| Plant Propagation Organizations | |
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| Biology of Propagation | |
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| Genetic Control in Propagation: Sexual Versus Asexual | |
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| Plant Development, Gene Expression, and Epigenetic Variation | |
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| The Concept of Hormonal Control of Plant Growth and Development | |
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| Life Cycles in Plants | |
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| Plant Nomenclature and the Concept of the Cultivar | |
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| Environmental Factors of Propagation | |
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| Fundamental Microclimatic and Edaphic Factors in the Propagation Environment | |
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| Managing the Propagation Environment | |
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| Containers for Propagating and Growing Young Liner Plants | |
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| Management of Edaphic Factors in Propagation and Liner Production | |
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| Management of Microclimatic Factors in Propagation and Liner Production | |
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| Biotic Factors--Pathogen and Pest Management in Plant Propagation | |
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| Post-Propagation Care of Liners | |
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| Seed Propagation | |
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| Principles and Practices of Seed Selection | |
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| Uses of Seeds in Propagation | |
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| Seed Selection in Herbaceous Plant Species | |
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| Seed Selection in Woody Plant Species | |
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| Categories of Seed-Propagated Woody Plants | |
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| Seed Selection and Production Systems | |
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| Legal Controls to Genetic Purity | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Development of Seeds | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is a Seed? | |
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| Formation of the Fruit, Seed, and Embryo | |
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| Polyembryony and Apomixis | |
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| Plant Hormones and Seed Development | |
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| Ripening and Dissemination | |
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| Techniques of Seed Production and Handling | |
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| Sources of Seed | |
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| Harvesting and Processing Seeds | |
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| Seed Testing | |
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| Seed Storage | |
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| Principles of Propagation by Seed | |
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| The Germination Process | |
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| Dormancy: Regulation of Germination | |
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| Techniques of Propagation by Seed | |
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| Seed Propagation Systems | |
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| Field Nurseries for Transplant Production | |
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| Production of Transplants Under Protected Conditions | |
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| Vegetative Propagation | |
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| Selection and Management of Clones in Vegetative Propagation | |
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| History | |
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| Reasons for Using Clonal Cultivars | |
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| Genetic Basis of Clones | |
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| Nongenetic Variation Within Clones | |
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| Pathogens and Plant Propagation | |
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| Management of Sources for Vegetative Propagation | |
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| Propagation Sources and their Management | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Biology of Propagation by Cuttings | |
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| Descriptive Observations of Adventitious Root and Bud Formation | |
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| Correlative Effects: How Hormonal Control Affects Adventitious Root and Bud Formation | |
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| The Biochemical Basis for Adventitious Root Formation | |
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| Molecular/Biotechnological Advances in Asexual Propagation | |
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| Factors Affecting Regeneration of Plants From Cuttings | |
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| Treatment of Cuttings | |
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| Environmental Manipulation of Cuttings | |
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| Techniques of Propagation by Cuttings | |
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| The Importance and Advantages of Propagation by Cuttings | |
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| Types of Cuttings | |
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| Stock Plants: Sources of Cutting Material | |
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| Rooting Media | |
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| Wounding | |
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| Treating Cuttings With Auxins | |
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| Preventive Disease Control | |
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| Environmental Conditions for Rooting Leafy Cuttings | |
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| Preparing the Propagation Bed, Bench, Rooting Flats, and Containers and Inserting the Cuttings | |
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| Preventing Operation Problems with Mist Propagation | |
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| Management Practices | |
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| Cutting Nutrition | |
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| Care of Cuttings During Rooting | |
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| Cold Storage of Rooted and Unrooted Cuttings | |
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| Handling Field-Propagated Plants | |
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| Container-Grown Plants and Alternative Field Production Systems | |
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| The Biology of Grafting | |
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| The History of Grafting | |
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| Terminology | |
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| Reasons for Grafting and Budding | |
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| Natural Grafting | |
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| Formation of the Graft Union | |
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| Graft Union Formation in T- and Chip Budding | |
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| Factors Influencing Graft Union Success | |
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| Polarity in Grafting | |
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| Genetic Limits of Grafting | |
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| Graft Incompatibility | |
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| Scion-Rootstock (Shoot-Root) Relationships | |
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| Techniques of Grafting | |
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| Types of Grafts | |
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| Detached Scion Graftage | |
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| Approach Graftage | |
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| Repair Graftage | |
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| Production Processes of Graftage | |
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| The Craftmanship of Grafting | |
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| Aftercare of Grafted Plants | |
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| Grafting Systems | |
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| Techniques of Budding | |
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| Rootstocks for Budding | |
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| Time of Budding--Fall, Spring, or June | |
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| Types of Budding | |
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| Top-Budding (Topworking) | |
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| Double-Working by Budding | |
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| Microbudding | |
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| Layering and its Natural Modifications | |
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| Physiology of Regeneration by Layering | |
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| Management of Plants During Layering | |
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| Procedures in Layering | |
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| Plant Modifications Resulting in Natural Layering | |
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| Propagation by Specialized Stems and Roots | |
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| Bulbs | |
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| Corms | |
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| Tubers | |
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| Tuberous Roots and Stems | |
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| Rhizomes | |
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| Pseudobulbs | |
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| Methods of Micropropagation | |
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| Principles of Tissue Culture for Micropropagation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Reproduction of Seedling Plants in Tissue Culture | |
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| Micropropagation of Plantlets from Tissue Culture | |
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| Types of Systems Used to Regenerate Plantlets by Micropropagation (Table 17-1) | |
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| Callus, Cell, and Protoplast Culture Systems | |
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| Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed Production | |
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| Control of the Tissue Culture Environment | |
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| Special Problems Encountered by In Vitro Culture | |
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| Variation in Micropropagated Plants | |
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| Techniques of In Vitro Culture for Micropropagation and Biotechnology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Characteristics of Micropropagation | |
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| Disadvantages of Micropropagation | |
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| General Laboratory Facilities and Procedures | |
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| Micropropagation Procedures | |
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| Establishment and Stabilization | |
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| Shoot Multiplication | |
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| Root Formation | |
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| Acclimatization to Greenhouse Conditions | |
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| Specific Protocols for Aseptic Culture | |
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| Somatic Embryogenesis and the Production of Synthetic Seeds | |
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| Methods for Micropropagating Representative Horticulture Crops | |
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| Propagation of Selected Plants | |
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| Propagation Methods and Rootstocks for Important Fruit and Nut Species | |
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| Propagation of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines | |
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| Propagation of Selected Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials Used as Ornamentals | |
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| Indexes | |
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| Subject Index | |
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| Plant Index, Scientific Names | |
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| Plant Index, Common | |