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| Preface | |
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| Using the Internet to Study the Legislative Process | |
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| Legislatures and Legislators in the Political System | |
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| The Legislative Task | |
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| Discontent over the Legislature | |
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| The Functions of the Legislature | |
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| A Bill Becomes a Law | |
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| Notes | |
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| Legislative Structures and Powers | |
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| The Constitutional Status of the American Legislature | |
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| Organizing the Legislature | |
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| Presiding Officers | |
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| Rules of Procedure | |
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| The Legislative Body: Size, Terms of Members, and Sessions | |
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| Bicameralism | |
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| Structure, Powers, and Policy | |
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| Notes | |
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| Representation and Apportionment | |
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| Representatives and Represented | |
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| The Representative System | |
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| The Malapportionment Issue | |
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| The Struggle for Equitable Apportionment | |
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| Notes | |
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| Legislators and the Electoral Process | |
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| Recruitment of Legislators | |
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| The Nominating Process | |
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| Congressional and Legislative Elections | |
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| Financing Congressional Campaigns | |
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| Elections and the Legislature | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Legislators | |
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| Social and Occupational Backgrounds of American Legislators | |
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| Legislative Experience: Tenure and Turnover | |
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| Pay and Perquisites | |
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| Privileges and Immunities | |
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| Legislators' Adaptation to the Legislature | |
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| Legislators and Legislative Norms | |
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| Legislator and Legislature | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Legislative Structure for Decision Making | |
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| The Committee System | |
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| The Role of Committees | |
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| The Representativeness of Committees | |
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| Kinds of Committees | |
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| Committee Jurisdiction | |
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| Committee Members and Committee Chairs | |
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| Committee Staffs | |
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| Notes | |
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| Committees at Work | |
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| Committee Hearings | |
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| Investigating Committees | |
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| Committee Sessions | |
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| Committee Decisions | |
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| Committee Power | |
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| Notes | |
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| Debate and Decision Making on the Floor | |
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| From Committee to Floor | |
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| The Rules Committee of the House of Representatives | |
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| The Amending Process | |
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| Debate | |
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| Casting the Vote | |
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| The Multiple Points of Decision Making | |
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| Notes | |
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| Legislatures, Parties, and Interests | |
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| Political Parties and the Legislative Process | |
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| Legislative Party Organization | |
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| Party Influence on Legislation | |
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| Party Responsibility in Congress | |
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| Notes | |
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| Interest Groups and the Legislative Process | |
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| Interest-Group Politics in America | |
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| The Lobbyists | |
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| Major Access Points in the Legislative Process | |
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| Special Techniques Used by Lobbies | |
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| Grass-Roots Lobbying | |
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| Pressures on the Parties | |
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| The Effectiveness of Interest-Group Tactics | |
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| Factors in the Effectiveness of Interest Groups | |
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| Legislator-Lobbyist Relations | |
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| Regulation of Lobbying | |
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| Interest Groups and Democratic Government | |
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| Notes | |
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| Interaction with the Executive and the Courts | |
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| The Chief Executive as Legislator | |
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| Societal Conditions and Executive Influence | |
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| The Legal Base for Executive Influence | |
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| Partisan Politics and Executive Influence | |
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| The Personal Dimension of Executive Leadership | |
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| The Effectiveness of Executive Influence: Overview | |
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| The Effectiveness of Executive Influence: The Problem of Measurement | |
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| Conclusions and Tendencies | |
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| Notes | |
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| Legislative Oversight of Bureaucracy | |
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| Politics, Policy, and Administration | |
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| What Do Legislators Oversee, and How? | |
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| Legislative Oversight: Goals and Effectiveness | |
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| Notes | |
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| Legislative-Judicial Relations | |
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| Courts and Legislatures: Comparison and Contrast | |
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| The Courts: Personnel, Structure, Procedures | |
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| Legislatures, Courts, and the Separation of Powers | |
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| Legislatures, Courts, and Public Policy | |
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| Legislative Reaction to Court Decisions | |
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| Legislatures, Courts, and the Political Process | |
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| Notes | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Legislative Process: Problems and Perspectives | |
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| Efforts to Reform the Legislature | |
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| The Continuing Problems | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Index | |