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List of contributors | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgements | |
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Abbreviations | |
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Introduction | |
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Background | |
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Historical Background | |
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Transfusion Medicine | |
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Regulatory Perspectives on Clinical Trials for Oxygen Therapeutics in Trauma and Transfusion Practice | |
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Physiological Basis | |
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Clinical Physiology: Oxygen Transport and the Transfusion Trigger | |
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The Role of Oxygen and Hemoglobin Diffusion in Oxygen Transport by Cell-Free Hemoglobins | |
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Oxygen Transport Properties of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers: Studies Using Artificial Capillaries and Mathematical Simulation | |
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Mechanisms of Oxygen Transport in the Microcirculation: Effects of Cell-Free Oxygen Carriers | |
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Shear Stress, Mechanotransduction and the Flow Properties of Blood | |
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Local Regulation of Blood Flow | |
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Clinical Applications | |
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Clinical Indications for Blood Substitutes and Optimal Properties | |
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Crystalloid Solutions | |
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Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers as Resuscitative Solutions for Trauma and Combat Casualty Care | |
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Surgical Hemorrhage | |
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Clinical Trials in Cardiac Surgery | |
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Hemodilution | |
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Clinical Hemodilution | |
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Potential for Blood Substitutes in Tissue Ischemia | |
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Toxicity and Side Effects | |
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Redox and Radical Reactions of Hemoglobin Solutions: Toxicities and Protective Strategies | |
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Pro-Oxidant Activity of Hemoglobin and Endothelial Cytotoxicity | |
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Renal Toxicity | |
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Hemoglobin and Neurotoxicity | |
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The Role of Inflammation in the Toxicity of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers | |
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Hemoglobin-Induced Myocardial Lesions | |
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Perfluorocarbon-Based Oxygen Carriers | |
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Fluorocarbon Emulsions as in vivo Oxygen Delivery Systems: Background and Chemistry | |
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Fluosol: The First Commercial Injectable Perfluorocarbon Oxygen Carrier | |
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Perftoran | |
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Rational Development of Oxyfluor | |
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Oxygent, A Perfluorochemical-Based Oxygen Therapeutic for Surgical Patients | |
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Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers | |
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The Structural and Functional Properties of Hemoglobin and their Relevance for a Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitute | |
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Hemoglobin Modification | |
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Designing Recombinant Hemoglobin for Use as a Blood Substitute | |
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Design, Conformational, Functional and Physiological Characterization of Recombinant Polymeric Heme-Proteins | |
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[alpha alpha]-Crosslinked Hemoglobin | |
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DCLHb and rHb1.1 | |
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Clinical Studies with DCLHb | |
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Hemopure (HBOC-201, Hemoglobin Glutamer-250 (Bovine)): Preclinical Studies | |
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HBOC-201 (Hemoglobin Glutamer-250 (Bovine), Hemopure): Clinical Studies | |
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Polyhemoglobin-Enzymes as New-Generation Blood Substitutes and Oxygen Therapeutics | |
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Surface Decoration of Hemoglobin with Polyethylene Glycol | |
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Hemospan (MP4), A Human Hemoglobin Modified with Maleimide-Polyethylene Glycol | |
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Dextran-Hemoglobin | |
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Development of Non-Extravasating Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers | |
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Liposomes and Related Products | |
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Liposome-Encapsulated Hemoglobin: History, Preparation and Evaluation | |
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Hemoglobin Vesicles as a Molecular Assembly: Characteristics of Preparation Process and Performances as Artificial Oxygen Carriers | |
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Nanodimension Biodegradable Polymeric Membrane Artificial Red Blood Cells | |
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Albumin-Heme: A Synthetic Heme-Based Oxygen Carrier | |
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Index | |