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| Contributors | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction to Freshwater Invertebrates | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Approches to Taxonomic Classification | |
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| Synopses of the North American Freshwater Invertebrates | |
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| Taxonomic Key to Major Taxa of Freshwater Invertebrates | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| An Overview of Freshwater Habitats | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Lotic Environments | |
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| Underground Aquatic Habitats | |
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| Lentic Ecosystems | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Protozoa | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Ecology and Evolution | |
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| Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation for Identification | |
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| Identification of Protozoa | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Porifera | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Structure and Physiology | |
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| Ecology and Evolution | |
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| Collecting, Rearing, and Preparing Sponges for Identification | |
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| Classification | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Cnidaria | |
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| Introduction | |
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| General Biology of Cnidaria | |
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| Descriptive Ecology of Freshwater Cnidaria | |
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| Collection and Maintenance of Freshwater Cnidaria | |
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| Classification of Freshwater Cnidaria | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Flatworms: Turbellaria and Nemertea | |
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| Turbellaria | |
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| Introduction: Status in the Animal Kingdom | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Ecology | |
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| Current and Future Research Problems | |
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| Collecting, Rearing, and Identification Techniques | |
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| Identification of North American Genera of Freshwater Turbellaria | |
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| Nemertea | |
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| General Characteristics, External and Internal Anatomical Features | |
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| Ecology | |
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| Current and Future Research Problems | |
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| Collection, Culturing, and Preservation | |
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| Taxonomic Key to Species of Freshwater Nemertea in North America | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Gastrotricha | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Ecology and Evolution | |
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| Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation for Identification | |
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| Taxonomic Key | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Phylum Rotifera | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Ecology and Evolution | |
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| Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation for Identification | |
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| Classification and Systematics | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Nematoda and Nematomorpha | |
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| Nematoda | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Morphology and Physiology | |
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| Development and Life History | |
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| Ecology | |
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| Collecting and Rearing Techniques | |
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| Identification | |
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| Nematomorpha | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Morphology and Physiology | |
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| Development and Life History | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Identification | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Mollusca: Gastropoda | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Ecology and Evolution | |
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| Collecting and Culturing Freshwater Gastropods | |
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| Identification of Freshwater Gastropods of North America | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Mollusca: Bivalvia | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Ecology and Evolution | |
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| Collecting, Preparation for Identification, and Rearing | |
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| Identification of the Freshwater Bivalves of North America | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Annelida: Oligochaeta, Including Branchiobdellidae | |
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| Oligochaeta | |
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| Introduction to Oligochaeta | |
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| Oligochaete Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Ecology and Evolution of Oligochaeta | |
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| Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation of Oligochaetes for Identification | |
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| Taxonomic Keys for Oligochaeta | |
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| Branchiobdellidae | |
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| Introduction to Branchiobdellidae | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology of Branchiobdellidans | |
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| Ecology and Evolution | |
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| Identification of Branchiobdellidans | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Annelida: Euhirudinea and Acanthobdellidae | |
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| Introduction to Euhirudinea and Acanthobdellidae | |
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| Taxonomic Status and Characteristics | |
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| Euhirudinea and Acanthobdellidae | |
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| Ecology | |
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| Collection and Rearing | |
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| Identification | |
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| Taxonomic Keys | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Bryozoans | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Ecology and Evolution | |
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| Entoprocta | |
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| Study Methods | |
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| Taxonomic Key | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Tardigrada | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy | |
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| Physiology (Latent States) | |
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| Reproduction and Development | |
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| Ecology | |
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| Techniques for Collection, Extraction, and Microscopy | |
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| Identification | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Water Mites (Hydrachnida) and other Arachnids | |
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| Introduction to Arachnids | |
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| Water Mites (Hydrachnida) | |
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| Other Arachnids in Freshwater Habitats | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Diversity and Classification of Insects and Collembola | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Aquatic Orders of Insects | |
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| Partially Aquatic Orders of Insects | |
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| Semiaquatic Collembola--Springtails | |
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| Identification of the Freshwater Insects and Collembola | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Aquatic Insect Ecology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Aquatic Insect Communities | |
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| Aquatic Insect Life Histories | |
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| Insect-Mediated Processes | |
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| Secondary Production | |
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| Effects of Land Use on Aquatic Insect Communities | |
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| Role of Disturbance | |
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| Aquatic Insects in Biomonitoring Studies | |
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| Summary | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Introduction to the Subphylum Crustacea | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology of Crustacea | |
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| Ecology and Evolution of Selected Crustacea | |
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| Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation for Identification | |
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| Classification of Peracarida and Brachiura | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Ostracoda | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Life History | |
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| Distribution | |
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| Chemical Habitat | |
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| Physical Habitat | |
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| Physiological and Morphological Adaptations | |
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| Behavioral Ecology | |
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| Foraging Relationships | |
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| Population Regulation | |
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| Collecting and Rearing Techniques | |
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| Uses of Freshwater Ostracoda | |
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| Current and Future Research Problems | |
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| Classification of Freshwater Ostracodes | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Cladocera and other Branchiopoda | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Cladocera | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Distribution | |
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| Behavior | |
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| What Cladocerans Eat and What Eats Cladocerans | |
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| Population Regulation | |
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| Functional Role in the Ecosystem | |
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| Paleolimnology and Molecular Phylogeny | |
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| Toxicology | |
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| Current and Future Research | |
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| Collecting and Rearing | |
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| Taxonomic Keys for Cladoceran Genera | |
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| Other Branchiopods | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology of the Other Branchiopods | |
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| Ecology of the Other Branchiopods | |
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| Current and Future Research Problems | |
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| Collecting and Rearing Techniques | |
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| Taxonomic Keys for Non-Cladoceran Genera of Branchiopods | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Copepoda | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Ecology and Evolution | |
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| Current and Future Research Problems | |
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| Collecting and Rearing Techniques | |
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| Identification Techniques | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Decapoda | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Ecology and Evolution | |
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| Current and Future Research Problems | |
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| Collecting and Rearing Techniques | |
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| Identification | |
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| Literature Cited | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Subject Index | |
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| Taxonomic Index | |