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Chemistry: The Science of Change | |
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The Study of Chemistry | |
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Classification of Matter | |
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The Properties of Matter | |
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Scientific Measurement | |
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Uncertainty in Measurement | |
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Using Units and Solving Problems | |
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Atoms and the Periodic Table | |
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Atoms First | |
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Subatomic Particles and Atomic Structure | |
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Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Isotopes | |
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Average Atomic Mass | |
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The Periodic Table | |
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The Mole and Molar Masses | |
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Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms | |
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Energy and Energy Changes | |
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The Nature of Light | |
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Quantum Theory | |
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Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom | |
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Wave Properties of Matter | |
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Quantum Mechanics | |
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Quantum Numbers | |
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Atomic Orbitals | |
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Electron Configuration | |
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Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table | |
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Periodic Trends of the Elements | |
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Development of the Periodic Table | |
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The Modern Periodic Table | |
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Effective Nuclear Charge | |
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Periodic Trends in Properties of Atoms | |
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Electron Configuration of Ions | |
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Ionic Radius | |
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Ionic and Covalent Compounds | |
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Compounds | |
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Lewis Dot Symbols | |
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Ionic Compounds and Bonding | |
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Naming Ions and Ionic Compounds | |
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Covalent Molecules and Bonding | |
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Naming Molecular Compounds | |
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Covalent Bonding in Ionic Species | |
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Molecular and Formula Masses | |
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Percent Composition of Compounds | |
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The Mole and Molar Masses | |
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Representing Molecules | |
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The Octet Rule | |
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Electronegativity and Polarity | |
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Drawing Lewis Structures | |
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Lewis Structures and Formal Charge | |
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Resonance | |
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Exceptions to the Octet Rule | |
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Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories | |
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Molecular Geometry | |
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Molecular Geometry and Polarity | |
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Valence Bond Theory | |
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Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals | |
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Hybridization in Molecules Containing Multiple Bonds | |
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Molecular Orbital Theory | |
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Bonding Theories and Descriptions of Molecules with Delocalized Bonding | |
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Chemical Reactions | |
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Chemical Equations | |
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Combustion Analysis | |
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Calculations with Balanced Chemical Equations | |
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Limiting Reactants | |
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Periodic Trends in Reactivity of the Main Group Elements | |
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Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions | |
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General Properties of Aqueous Solutions | |
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Precipitation Reactions | |
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Acid-Base Reactions | |
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions | |
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Concentration of Solutions | |
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Aqueous Reactions and Chemical Analysis | |
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Thermochemistry | |
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Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions | |
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Introduction to Thermodynamics | |
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Enthalpy | |
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Calorimetry | |
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Hess's Law | |
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Standard Enthalpies of Formation | |
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Bond Enthalpy and the Stability of Covalent Molecules | |
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Lattice Energy and the Stability of Ionic Solids | |
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Gases | |
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Properties of Gases | |
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The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases | |
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Pressure | |
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The Gas Laws | |
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The Ideal Gas Equation | |
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Real Gases | |
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Gas Mixtures | |
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Reactions with Gaseous Reactants and Products | |
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Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Condensed Phases | |
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Intermolecular Forces | |
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Properties of Liquids | |
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Crystal Structure | |
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Types of Crystals | |
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Amorphous Solids | |
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Phase Changes | |
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Phase Diagrams | |
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Physical Properties of Solutions | |
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Types of Solutions | |
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A Molecular View of the Solution Process | |
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Concentration Units | |
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Factors that Affect Solubility | |
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Colligative Properties | |
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Calculations Using Colligative Properties | |
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Colloids | |
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Chemical Kinetics | |
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Reaction Rates | |
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Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions | |
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Measuring Reaction Progress and Expressing Reaction Rate | |
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Dependence of Reaction Rate on Reactant Concentration | |
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Dependence of Reactant Concentration on Time | |
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Dependence of Reaction Rate on Temperature | |
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Reaction Mechanisms | |
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Catalysis | |
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Chemical Equilibrium | |
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The Concept of Equilibrium | |
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The Equilibrium Constant | |
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Equilibrium Expressions | |
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Using Equilibrium Expressions to Solve Problems | |
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Factors That Affect Chemical Equilibrium | |
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Acids and Bases | |
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Brnsted Acids and Bases | |
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Molecular Structure and Acid Strength | |
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The Acid-Base Properties of Water | |
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The pH Scale | |
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Strong Acids and Bases | |
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Weak Acids and Acid Ionization Constants | |
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Weak Bases and Base Ionization Constants | |
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Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs | |
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Diprotic and Polyprotic Acids | |
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Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions | |
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Acid-Base Properties of Oxides and Hydroxides | |
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Lewis Acids and Bases | |
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Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria | |
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The Common Ion Effect | |
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Buffer Solutions | |
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Acid-Base Titrations | |
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Solubility Equilibria | |
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Factors Affecting Solubility | |
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Separation of Ions Using Differences in Solubility | |
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Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium | |
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Spontaneous Processes | |
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Entropy | |
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Entropy Changes in a System | |
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Entropy Changes in the Universe | |
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Predicting Spontaneity | |
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Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium | |
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Thermodynamics in Living Systems | |
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Electrochemistry | |
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Balancing Redox Reactions | |
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Galvanic Cells | |
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Standard Reduction Potentials | |
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Spontaneity of Redox Reactions Under Standard-State Conditions | |
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Spontaneity of Redox Reactions Under Conditions Other than Standard-State | |
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Batteries | |
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Electrolysis | |
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Corrosion | |
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Nuclear Chemistry | |
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Nuclei and Nuclear Reactions | |
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Nuclear Stability | |
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Natural Radioactivity | |
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Nuclear Transmutation | |
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Nuclear Fission | |
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Nuclear Fusion | |
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Uses of Isotopes | |
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Biological Effects of Radiation | |
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Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals | |
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Occurrence of Metals | |
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Metallurgical Processes | |
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Band Theory of Conductivity | |
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Periodic Trends in Metallic Properties | |
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The Alkali Metals | |
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The Alkaline Earth Metals | |
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Aluminum | |
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Coordination Chemistry | |
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Coordination Compounds | |
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Structure of Coordination Compounds | |
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Bonding in Coordination Compounds: Crystal Field Theory | |
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Reactions of Coordination Compounds | |
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Applications of Coordination Compounds | |
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Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds | |
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General Properties of Nonmetals | |
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Hydrogen | |
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Carbon | |
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Nitrogen and Phosphorus | |
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Oxygen and Sulfur | |
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The Halogens | |
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Organic Chemistry | |
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Why Carbon is Different | |
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Classes of Organic Compounds | |
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Representing Organic Molecules | |
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Isomerism | |
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Organic Reactions | |
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Organic Polymers | |
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Materials | |
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Polymers | |
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Ceramics and Composite Materials | |
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Liquid Crystals | |
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Biomedical Materials | |
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Nanotechnology | |
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Semiconductors | |
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Superconductors | |
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Appendix | |
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Mathematical Operations | |
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Thermodynamic Data at 1 ATM and 25C | |
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Ionization Constants of Weak Acids and Bases at 25C | |
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Solubility Product Constants at 25C | |