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Preface | |
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Introducing Social Psychology | |
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Doing Social Psychology | |
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Forming and Testing Theories | |
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Correlational Research: Detecting Natural Associations | |
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Correlation and Causation | |
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Experimental Research: Searching for Cause and Effect | |
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Control: Manipulating Variables | |
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Random Assignment: The Great Equalizer | |
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The Ethics of Experimentation | |
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Generalizing From Laboratory to Life | |
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Did You Know It All Along? | |
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Social Thinking | |
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Self-Concept: Who Am I? | |
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At the Center of Our Worlds: Our Sense of Self | |
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Self and Culture | |
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Self-Knowledge | |
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Explaining Our Behavior | |
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Predicting Our Behavior | |
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Predicting Our Feelings | |
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The Wisdom and Illusions of Self-Analysis | |
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Self-Serving Bias | |
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Explaining Positive and Negative Events | |
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Can We All Be Better than Average? | |
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Focus On: Self-Serving Bias-How Do I Love Me? Let Me Count the Ways | |
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Unrealistic Optimism | |
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False Consensus and Uniqueness | |
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Self-Esteem Motivation | |
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Reflections on Self-Esteem and Self-Serving Bias | |
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The Self-Serving Bias as Adaptive | |
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The Self-Serving Bias as Maladaptive | |
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The Power of Positive Thinking | |
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Locus of Control | |
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Learned Helplessness Versus Self-Determination | |
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The Costs of Excess Choice | |
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Reflections on Self-Efficacy | |
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The Power of Positive Thinking | |
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The Dark Side of Self-Esteem | |
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The Fundamental Attribution Error | |
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The Fundamental Attribution Error in Everyday Life | |
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Why Do We Make the Attribution Error? | |
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Perspective and Situational Awareness | |
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Cultural Differences | |
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How Fundamental Is the Fundamental Attribution Error? | |
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The Powers and Perils of Intuition | |
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The Powers of Intuition | |
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The Limits of Intuition | |
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We Overestimate the Accuracy of Our Judgments | |
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Remedies for Overconfidence | |
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Constructing Memories | |
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Reconstructing Our Past Attitudes | |
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Reconstructing Our Past Behavior | |
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Reasons for Unreason | |
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Our Preconceptions Control Our Interpretations | |
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We Are More Swayed by Memorable Events than by Facts | |
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We Misperceive Correlation and Control | |
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Illusory Correlation | |
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Illusion of Control | |
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Our Beliefs Can Generate Their Own Confirmation | |
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Do Teacher Expectations Affect Student Performance? | |
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Do We Get What We Expect from Others? | |
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Conclusions | |
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Behavior and Belief | |
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Do Attitudes Influence Behavior? | |
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Does Behavior Influence Attitudes? | |
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Role Playing | |
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Saying Becomes Believing | |
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The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon | |
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Evil Acts and Attitudes | |
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Interracial Behavior and Racial Attitudes | |
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Brainwashing | |
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Why Does Behavior Affect Our Attitudes? | |
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Clinical Intuition | |
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Illusory Correlations | |
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Hindsight | |
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Self-Confirming Diagnoses | |
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Clinical Versus Statistical Prediction | |
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Implications for Better Clinical Practice | |
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Clinical Therapy: The Powers of Social Cognition | |
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Social Cognition and Depression | |
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Distortion or Realism? | |
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Is Negative Thinking a Cause or a Result of Depression? | |
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Social Cognition and Loneliness | |
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Social Cognition and Anxiety | |
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Social-Psychological Approaches to Treatment | |
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Inducing Internal Change Through External Behavior | |
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Breaking Vicious Cycles | |
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Social Influence | |
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Human Nature and Cultural Diversity | |
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Evolution and Behavior | |
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Culture and Behavior | |
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Cultural Diversity | |
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Cultural Similarity | |
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Gender, Genes, and Culture | |
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Gender Difference | |
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Independence Versus Connectedness | |
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Social Dominance | |
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Aggression | |
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Sexuality | |
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Evolution and Gender: Doing What Comes Naturally? | |
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Gender and Mating Preferences | |
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Reflections on Evolutionary Psychology | |
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Gender and Hormones | |
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Culture and Gender | |
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Gender Roles Vary with Culture and Time | |
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Conclusions: Biology and Culture | |
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How Nice People Get Corrupted | |
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Asch's Studies of Conformity | |
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Milgram's Obedience Experiments | |
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What Breeds Obedience? | |
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Institutional Authority | |
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Reflections on the Classic Studies | |
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Behavior and Attitudes | |
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The Power of the Situation | |
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The Fundamental Attribution Error | |
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Two Routes to Persuasion | |
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The Two Routes | |
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The Elements of Persuasion | |
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Who Says? The Communicator | |
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What Is Said? The Message Content | |
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To Whom Is It Said? The Audience | |
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The Two Routes to Persuasion in Therapy | |
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Indoctrination and Inoculation | |
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Cult Indoctrination | |
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Attitudes Follow Behavior | |
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Persuasive Elements | |
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Group Effects | |
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Resisting Persuasion: Attitude Inoculation | |
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Stimulate Commitment | |
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Real-Life Applications: Inoculation Programs | |
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Implications | |
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The Mere Presence of Others | |
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The Mere Presence of Others | |
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Crowding: The Presence of Many Others | |
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Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others? | |
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Evaluation Apprehension | |
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Driven by Distraction | |
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Mere Presence | |
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Many Hands Make Diminished Responsibility | |
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Many Hands Make Light Work | |
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Social Loafing in Everyday Life | |
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Doing Together What We Would Never Do Alone | |
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Deindividuation | |
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Group Size | |
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Physical Anonymity | |
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Arousing and Distracting Activities | |
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Diminished Self-Awareness | |
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How Groups Intensify Decisions | |
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The Case of the "Risky Shift" | |
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Do Groups Intensify Opinions? | |
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Group Polarization Experiments | |
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Group Polarization in Everyday Life | |
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Explaining Group Polarization | |
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Informational Influence | |
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Normative Influence | |
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Groupthink | |
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Symptoms of Groupthink | |
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Groupthink in Action | |
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Preventing Groupthink | |
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Power to the Person | |
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Interacting Persons and Situations | |
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Resisting Social Pressure | |
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Reactance | |
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Asserting Uniqueness | |
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Minority Influence | |
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Consistency | |
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Self-Confidence | |
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Defections from the Majority | |
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Is Leadership Minority Influence? | |
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Social Relations | |
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The Challenge of Diversity | |
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What Is Prejudice? | |
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How Pervasive Is Prejudice? | |
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Racial Prejudice | |
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Gender Prejudice | |
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The Roots of Prejudice | |
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Social Sources of Prejudice | |
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Unequal Status | |
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Discrimination's Impact: The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy | |
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Stereotype Threat | |
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Social Identity | |
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Ingroup Bias | |
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Conformity | |
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Emotional Sources of Prejudice | |
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Frustration and Aggression: The Scapegoat Theory | |
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Personality Dynamics | |
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Cognitive Sources of Prejudice | |
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Categorization | |
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Distinctiveness | |
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Attribution: Is It a Just World? | |
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The Nature and Nurture of Aggression | |
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Theories of Aggression | |
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Is Aggression an Instinct? | |
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Neural Influences | |
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Genetic Influences | |
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Blood Chemistry | |
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Psychological Influences on Aggression | |
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Frustration and Aggression | |
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The Learning of Aggression | |
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Environmental Influences | |
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Reducing Aggression | |
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Catharsis? | |
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A Social Learning Approach | |
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Does the Media Influence Social Behavior? | |
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Pornography and Sexual Violence | |
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Distorted Perceptions of Sexual Reality | |
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Aggression Against Women | |
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Television | |
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Television's Effects on Behavior | |
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Media Influences: Video Games | |
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The Games Kids Play | |
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Effects of the Games Kids Play | |
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Who Likes Whom? | |
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Proximity | |
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Interaction | |
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Anticipation of Interaction | |
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Mere Exposure | |
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Focus On: Liking Things Associated with Oneself | |
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Physical Attractiveness | |
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Attractiveness and Dating | |
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The Matching Phenomenon | |
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The Physical-Attractiveness Stereotype | |
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Who Is Attractive? | |
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Similarity Versus Complementarity | |
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Do Birds of a Feather Flock Together? | |
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Do Opposites Attract? | |
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Liking Those Who Like Us | |
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Self-Esteem and Attraction | |
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Our Need to Belong | |
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The Ups and Downs of Love | |
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Passionate Love | |
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A Theory of Passionate Love | |
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Variations in Love | |
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Companionate Love | |
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Maintaining Close Relationships | |
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Equity | |
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Self-Disclosure | |
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Ending Relationships | |
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Who Divorces? | |
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The Detachment Process | |
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Causes of Conflict | |
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Social Dilemmas | |
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The Prisoner's Dilemma | |
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The Tragedy of the Commons | |
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Resolving Social Dilemmas | |
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Competition | |
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Perceived Injustice | |
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Misperception | |
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Mirror-Image Perceptions | |
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Shifting Perceptions | |
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Blessed Are the Peacemakers | |
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Contact | |
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Does Desegregation Improve Racial Attitudes? | |
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When Does Desegregation Improve Racial Attitudes? | |
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Cooperation | |
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Common External Threats | |
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Superordinate Goals | |
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Cooperative Learning | |
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Communication | |
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Bargaining | |
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Mediation | |
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Arbitration | |
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Conciliation | |
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When Do People Help? | |
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Why Do People Help? | |
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When Do People Help? | |
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Number of Bystanders | |
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Noticing | |
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Interpreting | |
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Assuming Responsibility | |
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Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future | |
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Enabling Sustainable Living | |
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New Technologies | |
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Reducing Consumption | |
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The Social Psychology of Materialism and Wealth | |
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Increased Materialism | |
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Wealth and Well-Being | |
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Materialism Fails to Satisfy | |
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Toward Sustainability and Survival | |
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References | |
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Credits | |
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Name Index | |
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Subject Index | |