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Preface | |
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About Art Criticism | |
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Defining Criticism | |
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Sources of Criticism | |
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Kinds of Criticism | |
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The Backgrounds of Critics | |
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Stances Toward Criticism | |
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Relations Between Critics and Artists | |
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Criticizing Criticism | |
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The Value of Criticism | |
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Describing Photographs: What Do I See? | |
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Defining Description | |
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Describing an Exhibition: Avedon's "In the American West" | |
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Describing Subject Matter | |
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Describing Form | |
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Describing Medium | |
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Describing Style | |
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Comparing and Contrasting | |
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Internal and External Sources of Information | |
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Description and Interpretation | |
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Description and Evaluation | |
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The Importance of Description to Readers | |
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Principles for Describing Photographs | |
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Interpreting Photographs: What Does It Mean? | |
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An Exemplary Interpretation | |
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About Interpretation | |
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Defining Interpretation | |
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The Objects of Interpretations | |
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Interpretive Claims and Arguments | |
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Interpretive Perspectives | |
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Three Interpretations of Eleanor | |
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Other Interpretive Strategies | |
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Combinations of Interpretive Approaches | |
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"Right" Interpretations | |
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Interpretations and the Artist's Intent | |
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Interpretations and Feelings | |
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Interpretation, Meaning, and Personal Significance | |
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The Community of Interpreters | |
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Types of Photographs | |
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Categories of Photographs | |
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New Categories | |
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Descriptive Photographs | |
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Explanatory Photographs | |
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Interpretive Photographs | |
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Ethically Evaluative Photographs | |
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Aesthetically Evaluative Photographs | |
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Theoretical Photographs | |
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Photographs and Contexts | |
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Internal Context | |
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Original Context | |
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External Context | |
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External Contexts and Connotations | |
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Interpreting Barbara Kruger's Untitled ("Surveillance"), with Contextual Information | |
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"Surveillance" and Internal Context | |
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"Surveillance" and Original Context | |
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"Surveillance" and External Context | |
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Barbara Kruger's Untitled ("Surveillance"), and the Categories | |
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Descriptive Photographs | |
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Explanatory Photographs | |
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Interpretive Photographs | |
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Ethically Evaluative Photographs | |
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Aesthetically Evaluative Photographs | |
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Theoretical Photographs | |
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The Interpretive Process: A Summary | |
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Judging Photographs: Is It Good? | |
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Examples of Judgmental Statements | |
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Positive Judgments | |
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Negative Judgments | |
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Implied Judgments | |
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Opposing Judgments | |
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Comparative Judgments | |
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Judgments and Reasons | |
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Judgments and Criteria | |
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Different Criteria | |
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Realism | |
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Expressionism | |
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Formalism | |
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Instrumentalism | |
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Other Criteria | |
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Choosing Among Criteria | |
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Differing Judgments | |
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Judgments Are Arguments | |
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Reappraisals | |
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Judgments and Preferences | |
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Intentionalism and Judgments | |
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The Objects of Judgments | |
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Judgments of Robert Mapplethorpe's Photographs | |
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Hilton Kramer's and Grace Glueck's Views of Mapplethorpe's Work | |
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Other Critics' Views of Mapplethorpe's Work | |
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Conclusion | |
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Principles for Judging Photographs | |
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Photography Theory: Is It Art? Is It True? Is It Moral? | |
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Photography Theory and Practice | |
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Ontological Concerns: What Is a Photograph? | |
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Digital Images and Ontology | |
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Epistemological Concerns: Are Photographs True? | |
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Realist Theory | |
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Conventionalist Theory | |
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Photographic Truth | |
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Aesthetic Concerns: Is Photography Art? | |
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Modernism and Postmodernism | |
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Digital Images and Aesthetic Concerns | |
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Ethical Concerns: Are Photographs Moral? | |
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Marxist Theory and Ethical Photography | |
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Feminist Theory and Ethical Photography | |
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Multicultural Theory and Ethical Photography | |
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Queer Theory and Ethical Photography | |
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Postcolonial Theory and Ethical Photography | |
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Conclusion | |
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Writing and Talking About Photographs | |
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Writing About Photographs | |
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Observing and Taking Notes | |
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Quick-Writes and Careful-Writes | |
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Students' Interpretive Writings | |
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Building Visual Interpretations | |
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Making Personal Meaning | |
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Judging Photographs | |
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Writing Criteria Statements | |
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Three Student Views of Immediate Family by Sally Mann | |
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Metacritical Writing | |
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Writing Artists' Statements | |
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Processes of Writing | |
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Talking About Photographs | |
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Studio Critiques | |
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Kinds of Critiques | |
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Conducting Successful Critiques | |
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Principles for Effective Critiques | |
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Notes | |
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Bibliography | |
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Index | |