| An Introduction to Statistics | |
| Features of the Book | |
| Tips for Doing Well in Statistics: How to Succeed in Statistics by Really Trying | |
| A Note About Notation and Rounding | |
| Hypotheses | |
| Variables | |
| Scales of Measurement | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Problems | |
| References | |
| Frequency Distributions | |
| Ranked Distributions | |
| Frequency Distributions | |
| Grouped Frequency Distributions | |
| Apparent Limits and Real Limits: What You See Versus What is Meant | |
| Midpoint: The Center of the Class Interval | |
| Visual Summary: Creating a Group Frequency Distribution | |
| Cumulative Frequency | |
| Relative Frequency and Cumulative Relative Frequency | |
| Cumulative Percent | |
| On the Internet: Creating a Grouped Frequency Distribution | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Formulas | |
| Problems | |
| Graphs | |
| Basics in Constructing a Graph | |
| Frequency Histogram | |
| Frequency Polygon | |
| Relative Frequency Polygon | |
| Cumulative Frequency Polygon | |
| Cumulative Relative Frequency Polygon | |
| Cumulative Percent Polygon | |
| Stem and Leaf Diagrams | |
| Changing the Shape of a Graph | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Problems | |
| Measures of Central Tendency | |
| The Mean | |
| The Median | |
| The Mode | |
| Mean, Median, or Mode: A Question of Skew | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Formulas | |
| Problems | |
| Reference | |
| Measures of Variability | |
| The Range | |
| Mean Deviation | |
| The Variance: The Mean of the Squared Deviations | |
| Standard Deviation: The Square Root of the Variance | |
| Computational Formulas | |
| Calculating Variability from Grouped Frequency Distributions | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Formulas | |
| Problems | |
| Reference | |
| Scaled Scores and Standard Scores: How to Change Apples into Oranges | |
| Scales Scores | |
| Adding or Subtracting a Constant: No change in Variability | |
| Multiplying or Dividing by a Constant: A Concurrent Change in Mean and Standard Deviation | |
| Standard Scores (z Scores) | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Formulas | |
| Problems | |
| The Normal Curve | |
| Characteristics of the Normal Curve | |
| Finding Proportions and Percentages | |
| Finding Percentiles | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Formulas | |
| Problems | |
| Correlation | |
| The Nature of Correlation | |
| Types of Correlation: How Are Variables Related? | |
| Degree of Correlation: How Strongly Are Variables Related? | |
| The Correlation Coefficient | |
| The Covariance | |
| Computing the Correlation Coefficient | |
| Computational Formulas for the Covariance and Correlation Coefficient | |
| The Significance of the Correlation Coefficient | |
| Interpreting the Correlation Coefficient: What do the Numbers Mean? | |
| Using Table R | |
| The Coefficient of Determination | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Formulas | |
| Problems | |
| References | |
| Regression | |
| Making Predictions via Linear Regression | |
| The Regression Line: Faster Predictions | |
| The Standard Error of the EstimateSummary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Formulas | |
| Problems | |
| Probability Theory and Sampling | |
| Probability Theory | |
| Sampling | |
| The Standard Error of the Estimate | |
| The Central Limit Theorem | |
| The z Test | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Formulas | |
| Problems | |
| Experimental Design | |
| Developing a Hypothesis | |
| Identifying Variables | |
| Factors in Experimental Design | |
| Important Aspects of Experimental Design | |
| Statistical Significance | |
| Power | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Problems | |
| References | |
| t TESTS | |
| z Tests (A Review) | |
| t Tests | |
| Single-Sample t Tests | |
| t Tests between Two Independent Sample Means | |
| t Tests for Correlated Samples | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Formulas | |
| Problems | |
| One-Way Analysis of Variance | |
| Analysis of Variance: One Test is Better Than Many | |
| Hypothesis Testing and Analysis of Variance | |
| Conducting an Analysis of Variance | |
| The F Test | |
| Computational Formula for F | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Formulas | |
| Problems | |
| Reference | |
| Two-Way Analysis of Variance | |
| Main Effects | |
| Interaction | |
| Computation of Sums of Squares for Two-Way Analysis of Variance | |
| Computation of Degrees of Freedom for Two-Way Analysis of Variance | |
| Computation of the Mean Squares for Two-Way Analysis of Variance | |
| Computation of the F Ratios for Two-Way Analysis of Variance | |
| Significance of the Main Effects | |
| Significance of the Interaction | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Formulas | |
| Problems | |
| Reference | |
| Chi-Square and Other Nonparametric Statistics | |
| Chi-Square | |
| The Mann-Whitney U Test | |
| The Wilcoxen T Test | |
| The Kruskal-Wallis Test | |
| Summary | |
| Key Terms | |
| Formulas | |
| Problems | |
| References | |
| Tables | |
| Solutions to Odd-Numbered Problems | |
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