| |
| |
| |
| The Ancient World ISSUE | |
| |
| |
| |
| Did Homo Sapiens Originate in Africa? YES | |
| |
| |
| Christopher Stringer and Robin McKie, from African Exodus | |
| |
| |
| The Origins of Modern Humanity NO | |
| |
| |
| Milford Wolpoff and Rachel Caspari, from Race and Human Evolution Science researcher | |
| |
| |
| Christopher Stringer and science writer | |
| |
| |
| |
| state that modern humans first developed in Africa | |
| |
| |
| and then spread to other parts of the world | |
| |
| |
| Paleoanthropologists Milford Wolpoff and Rachel Caspari counter that modern humans developed simultaneously in different parts of the world | |
| |
| |
| |
| Were the Aryans Responsible for the Demise of the Indus Valley Civilization? YES | |
| |
| |
| Stanley Wolpert, from A New History of India, 6th ed | |
| |
| |
| NO: Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, from Ancient Cities of the Indus | |
| |
| |
| Valley Civilization Historian Stanley Wolpert states that the Aryan invasion of the Indus | |
| |
| |
| Valley did occur and that it played a role in the demise of the Indus Valley civilization | |
| |
| |
| Archaeologist Jonathan Mark Kenoyer counters that there is little proof | |
| |
| |
| that the Aryan invasion occurred and that the decline of the Indus | |
| |
| |
| Valley civilization was due to internal environmental and social conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Was Egyptian Civilization African? YES | |
| |
| |
| Clinton Crawford, from Recasting Ancient Egypt in the African Context | |
| |
| |
| Toward a Model Curriculum Using Art and Language NO | |
| |
| |
| Kathryn A. Bard, from "Ancient Egyptians and the Issue of Race" | |
| |
| |
| in Mary R. Lefkowitz and Guy MacLean Rogers, eds | |
| |
| |
| Black Athena Revisited Clinton Crawford, an assistant professor who specializes in African arts and languages as communications systems | |
| |
| |
| asserts that evidence from the fields of anthropology | |
| |
| |
| history | |
| |
| |
| linguistics, and archaeology proves that the ancient Egyptians and the culture | |
| |
| |
| they produced were of black African origin | |
| |
| |
| Assistant professor of archaeology Kathryn A | |
| |
| |
| Bard argues that although black African | |
| |
| |
| sources contributed to the history and culture of ancient Egypt | |
| |
| |
| its civilization was basically multicultural in origin | |
| |
| |
| |
| Was Sumerian Civilization Exclusively Male Dominated? YES | |
| |
| |
| Chester G. Starr, from A History of the Ancient World NO | |
| |
| |
| Samuel Noah Kramer, from "Poet and Psalmists | |
| |
| |
| Goddesses and Theologians | |
| |
| |
| Literary, Religious, and Anthropological Aspects of the Legacy of Sumer" | |
| |
| |
| in Denise Schmandt-Besserat, ed | |
| |
| |
| The Legacy of Sumer | |
| |
| |
| Invited Lectures on the Middle East at the University of Texas at Austin | |
| |
| |
| Historian Chester G. Starr finds Sumerian society to be male dominated, from the gods to human priests and kings | |
| |
| |
| and he barely acknowledges the status of women in either the heavenly or the earthly realm | |
| |
| |
| Museum curator Samuel Noah Kramer relies on much of the same data as Starr | |
| |
| |
| but finds powerful goddesses and earthly women to have played prominent roles in both cosmic and everyday Sumerian life | |
| |
| |
| |
| Does Alexander the Great Merit His Exalted Historical Reputation? YES | |
| |
| |
| N. G. L. Hammond, from The Genius of Alexander the Great NO | |
| |
| |
| Ian Worthington, from "How 'Great'' Was Alexander?" | |
| |
| |
| The Ancient History Bulletin Professor emeritus of Greek N. G. L | |
| |
| |
| Hammond states that research has proven that Alexander the Great is deserving of his esteemed historical reputation | |
| |
| |
| Professor Ian Worthington counters that Alexander''s actions were self-serving and eventually weakened his Macedonian homeland | |
| |
| |
| therefore, he does not merit the historical reputation he has been given | |
| |
| |
| |
| Did Christianity Liberate Women? YES | |
| |
| |
| Karen L. King, from "Women in Ancient Christianity | |
| |
| |
| The New Discoveries", a Report From Frontline No | |
| |
| |
| Karen Armstrong, from The Gospel According to Woman | |
| |
| |
| Christianity''s Creation of the Sex War in the West Professor | |
| |
| |
| of New Testament studies and the history of ancient Christianity Karen L. King presents evidence from biblical and other recently discovered ancient texts to illuminate women''s | |
| |
| |
| active participation in early Christianity--as disciples | |
| |
| |
| apostles | |
| |
| |
| prophets | |
| |
| |
| preachers | |
| |
| |
| and teachers | |
| |
| |
| Professor of religious studies Karen Armstrong finds in the early | |
| |
| |
| Christian Church examples of hosti | |