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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Positive Displacement Compressor Technology. | |
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| Theory. | |
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| Symbols | |
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| How a Compressor Works | |
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| First Law of Thermodynamics | |
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| Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
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| Ideal or Perfect Gas Laws | |
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| Vapor Pressure | |
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| Gas and Vapor | |
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| Partial Pressures | |
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| Critical Conditions | |
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| Compressibility | |
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| Generalized Compressibility Charts | |
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| Gas Mixtures | |
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| The Mole | |
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| Specific Volume and Density | |
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| Volume Percent of Constituents | |
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| Molecular Weight of a Mixture | |
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| Specific Gravity and Partial Pressure | |
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| Ratio of Specific Heats | |
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| Pseudo-critical Conditions and Compressibility | |
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| Weight-Basis Items | |
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| Compression Cycles | |
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| Power Requirement | |
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| Compressibility Correction | |
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| Multiple Staging | |
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| Volume References | |
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| Cylinder Clearance and Volumetric Efficiency | |
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| Cylinder Clearance and Compression Efficiency | |
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| Reference | |
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| Reciprocating Process Compressor Design Overview. | |
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| Crankshaft Design | |
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| Bearings and Lubrication Systems | |
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| Connecting Rods | |
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| Crossheads | |
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| Frames and Cylinders | |
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| Cooling Provisions | |
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| Pistons | |
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| Piston and Rider Rings | |
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| Valves | |
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| Piston Rods | |
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| Packings | |
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| Cylinder Lubrication | |
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| Distance Pieces | |
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| Reciprocating Compressor Modernization | |
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| Reciprocating Compressor Performance and Monitoring Considerations. | |
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| Capacity Control | |
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| More About Cylinder Jacket Cooling and Heating Arrangements | |
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| Comparing Lubricated and Nonlubricated Conventional Cylinder Construction | |
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| Compressor Vent and Buffer Systems | |
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| Compressor Instrumentation | |
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| Condition Monitoring of Reciprocating Compressors | |
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| References | |
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| Labyrinth Piston Compressors. | |
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| Main Design Features | |
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| Energy Consumption | |
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| Sealing Problems | |
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| Hypercompressors. | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Cylinders and Piston Seals | |
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| Cylinder Heads and Valves | |
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| Drive Mechanism | |
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| Miscellaneous Problems | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Metal Diaphragm Compressors. | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Terminology | |
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| Description | |
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| Lobe and Sliding Vane Compressors. | |
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| Liquid Ring Compressors. | |
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| Rotary Screw Compressors and Filter Separators. | |
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| Twin-Screw Machines | |
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| Oil-Flooded Single-Screw Compressors | |
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| Selecting Modern Reverse-Flow Filter-Separator Technology | |
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| Reciprocating Compressor Performance and Sizing Fundamentals. | |
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| Theoretical Maximum Capacity | |
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| Capacity Losses | |
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| Valve Preload | |
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| Valve and Gas Passage Throttling | |
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| Piston Ring Leakage | |
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| Packing Leakage | |
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| Discharge Valve Leakage | |
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| Suction Valve Leakage | |
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| Heating Effects | |
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| Pulsation Effects | |
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| Horsepower | |
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| Horsepower Adders | |
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| Gas Properties | |
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| Alternative Equations of State | |
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| Condensation | |
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| Frame Loads | |
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| Compressor Displacement and Clearance | |
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| Staging | |
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| Fundamentals of Sizing | |
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| Sizing Examples | |
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| Dynamic Compressor Technology. | |
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| Simplified Equations for Determining the Performance of Dynamic Compressors. | |
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| Nonoverloading Characteristics of Centrifugal Compressors | |
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| Stability | |
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| Speed Change | |
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| Compressor Drive | |
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| Calculations | |
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| Design Considerations and Manufacturing Techniques. | |
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| Axially vs. Radially Split | |
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| Tightness | |
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| Material Stress | |
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| Nozzle Location and Maintenance | |
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| Design Overview | |
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| Bearing Configurations | |
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| Casing Design Criteria | |
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| Casing Manufacturing Techniques | |
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| Stage Design Considerations | |
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| Impeller Manufacturing Techniques | |
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| Rotor Dynamic Considerations | |
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| Fouling Considerations and Coatings | |
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| Advanced Sealing and Bearing Systems. | |
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| Background | |
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| Dry Seals | |
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| Magnetic Bearings | |
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| Development Efforts | |
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| Thrust-Reducing Seals | |
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| Integrated Designs | |
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| Fluid-Induced Instability and Externally Pressurized Bearings | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Couplings, Torque Transmission, and Torque Sensing. | |
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| Coupling Overview | |
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| Coupling Retrofits and Upgrades | |
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| Performance Optimization Through Torque Monitoring | |
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| Lubrication, Sealing, and Control Oil Systems for Turbomachinery. | |
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| Considerations Common to All Systems | |
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| Seal Oil Considerations | |
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| Compressor Control. | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Control System Objectives | |
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| Compressor Maps | |
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| Performance Control | |
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| Performance Limitations | |
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| Preventing Surge | |
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| Loop Decoupling | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Reference | |
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| Head-Flow Curve Shape of Centrifugal Compressors. | |
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| Compressor Stage | |
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| Elements of the Characteristic Shape | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Use of Multiple-Inlet Compressors. | |
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| Critical Selection Criteria | |
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| Design of a Sideload Compressor | |
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| Testing | |
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| Compressor Performance Testing. | |
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| Performance Testing of New Compressors | |
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| Shop Testing and Types of Tests | |
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| Field Testing | |
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| Predicting Compressor Performance at Other Than As-Designed Conditions | |
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| References | |
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| Procurement, Audit, and Asset Management Decisions. | |
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| Incentives to Buy from Knowledgeable and Cooperative Compressor Vendors | |
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| Industry Standards and Their Purpose | |
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| Disadvantages of Cheap Process Compressors | |
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| Audits vs. Reviews | |
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| Auditing and Reviewing Compressors | |
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| Compressor Inspection: Extension of the Audit Effort | |
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| Compressor Installation Specifications | |
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| Special-Purpose Machinery | |
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| References | |
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| Reliability-Driven Asset Management Strategies. | |
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| Strategy for Reciprocating Compressors | |
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| Achieving Compressor Asset Optimization | |
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| References | |
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| Properties Of Common Gases. | |
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| Shortcut Calculations And Graphical Compressor Selection Procedures. | |
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| Bibliography And List Of Contributors. | |
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| Index | |