| |
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| Invitation and Acknowledgments | |
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| Prolegomena to the History of Philosophy | |
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| Something of the Marvelous | |
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| Invitation | |
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| Critical Philosophy | |
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| |
| Tools of Inquiry | |
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| |
| Philosophic Motifs and Questions | |
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| |
| The Philosophers Can Speak for Themselves | |
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| |
| On Philosophy and Philosophers | |
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| |
| On Truth and Wisdom | |
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| |
| On Politics, Society, and Culture | |
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| |
| On Morals, Ethics, and the Good Life | |
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| |
| On Life, Death, and Living | |
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| |
| On Religion | |
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| |
| On Beauty | |
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| |
| The Presocratics: The Dawning of Critical Philosoph | |
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| |
| The Milesians of Asia Minor | |
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| |
| The First Philosophers | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
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| Miletus | |
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| |
| Thales: The Pride of Miletus | |
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| The Man | |
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| The Greek Miracle | |
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| Floating Disk | |
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| Water | |
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| Motion | |
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| Anaximander: The Boundless Is the First Principle | |
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| Fragment | |
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| The Boundless | |
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| Motion and Change | |
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| Nature | |
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| |
| Cosmology | |
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| |
| Organisms | |
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| Anaximenes: The World Is Air Condensed and Rarefied | |
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| Milesian Legacy | |
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| The Ionians | |
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| Driven and Bothered | |
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| Heraclitus of Ephesus | |
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| |
| Oracular Epigrams | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
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| The Man | |
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| |
| Ephesus | |
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| |
| Everything Flows | |
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| |
| Fire | |
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| Reason | |
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| Soul | |
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| Conflict | |
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| The Agony of Not Knowing | |
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| |
| Xenophanes of Colophon | |
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| |
| Wandering Minstrel | |
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| Wonderer | |
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| |
| Anthropomorphism | |
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| |
| Anaxagoras of Clazomenae | |
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| |
| Born to Study the Starry Sky | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
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| |
| The Man | |
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| |
| Stones in a Vortex | |
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| |
| Other Worlds | |
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| |
| Seeds | |
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| |
| Mind | |
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| |
| |
| Pythagoras of Samos | |
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| The Language of Nature | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
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| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| The Sanctuary | |
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| |
| Teachings | |
| |
| |
| Music | |
| |
| |
| Mathematics | |
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| |
| Harmony | |
| |
| |
| Numbers | |
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| |
| Cosmology | |
| |
| |
| The Soul | |
| |
| |
| Final Days | |
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| |
| |
| The Eleatics | |
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| |
| The Panathenaic Conference | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Parmenides of Elea | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
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| |
| The Poem | |
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| |
| Being Is One | |
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| |
| Parmenides' Legacy | |
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| |
| Zeno of Elea | |
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| The Man | |
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| The Logician | |
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| |
| The Paradoxes | |
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| |
| Empedocles of Akragas | |
| |
| |
| Undercurrent | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
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| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Physics and Cosmology | |
| |
| |
| Mixtures | |
| |
| |
| Living Organisms | |
| |
| |
| Biology | |
| |
| |
| Reincarnation | |
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| |
| |
| The Early Greek Atomists | |
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| |
| The Atomists | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
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| |
| Leukippos and Democritus | |
| |
| |
| Democritus the Man | |
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| |
| Atoms and Space | |
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| |
| Epistemology | |
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| |
| Soul, Fire, and Life | |
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| |
| Cosmology | |
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| |
| Ethics | |
| |
| |
| The Atomist Legacy | |
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| |
| The Golden Age of Greek Philosophy: The Search for the Truth of Things | |
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| |
| Socrates of the Agora | |
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| |
| Where to Buy Groceries | |
| |
| |
| The Sophists | |
| |
| |
| Sophistry | |
| |
| |
| Protagoras | |
| |
| |
| Socrates: The Wisest Man Alive | |
| |
| |
| The Golden Age | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| A Life of Dialectic | |
| |
| |
| The Agora | |
| |
| |
| The Trial | |
| |
| |
| Last Hours | |
| |
| |
| What Socrates Was All About | |
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| |
| Socratic Midwifery | |
| |
| |
| Eristic Debate | |
| |
| |
| The Search for Definitions | |
| |
| |
| Socratic Transcendence | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Socratic Legacy: Counter-Culture Philosophies | |
| |
| |
| Counter-Philosophies | |
| |
| |
| Rise of the Hound-dog Philosophers | |
| |
| |
| Later Cynics | |
| |
| |
| Rise of the Cyrenaic Hedonists | |
| |
| |
| Later Cyrenaics | |
| |
| |
| Eucleides and the Megarian Logicians | |
| |
| |
| Recycled | |
| |
| |
| |
| Plato of Athens | |
| |
| |
| The Making of a Philosopher | |
| |
| |
| Shattered Dream | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Megara | |
| |
| |
| The Pythagoreans of Tarentum | |
| |
| |
| Sicily | |
| |
| |
| The Academy | |
| |
| |
| Later Years | |
| |
| |
| Philosophy in the Dialogues: First Period | |
| |
| |
| Historical Reconstruction | |
| |
| |
| Philosophy in the Dialogues: The Middle Period | |
| |
| |
| The Masterpieces | |
| |
| |
| Philosophy in the Dialogues: The Later Period | |
| |
| |
| Coda: Philosopher and Human Being | |
| |
| |
| |
| Aristotle of Stagira | |
| |
| |
| Macedonia | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Student | |
| |
| |
| Asia Minor | |
| |
| |
| Lesbos | |
| |
| |
| Crown Prince | |
| |
| |
| Interim Years | |
| |
| |
| The Lyceum | |
| |
| |
| Chalkis and Exile | |
| |
| |
| Last Will | |
| |
| |
| Family | |
| |
| |
| Personal | |
| |
| |
| Writings | |
| |
| |
| Explaining the World | |
| |
| |
| The Investigation of Human Thinking | |
| |
| |
| The Cosmos and Its Contents | |
| |
| |
| The Human Animal | |
| |
| |
| Good Government | |
| |
| |
| Poetry | |
| |
| |
| Ultimate Questions: Metaphysics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Philosophy after Aristotle: Ideas to Live By | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Dis-Integration of Philosophy and the Rise of Noetic Theology: 322 BC-AD 250 | |
| |
| |
| Dis-Integration | |
| |
| |
| Major Branches of Post-Aristotelian Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Pragmatic Philosophers | |
| |
| |
| Rise of the Philosophic Skeptics | |
| |
| |
| The "Pyrrhonean Principle" | |
| |
| |
| We Must Suspend Judgment | |
| |
| |
| The Skeptic Legacy | |
| |
| |
| What Happened to the Academy? | |
| |
| |
| What Happened to the Lyceum? | |
| |
| |
| Rise of the Independent Sciences | |
| |
| |
| Rise of the Noetic Syncretisms | |
| |
| |
| The Syncretistic Philosophers | |
| |
| |
| The Harmonizing Theologians | |
| |
| |
| Heyday of the Gnostic Theologians | |
| |
| |
| The Story | |
| |
| |
| The Gnostics | |
| |
| |
| Impact of Gnosticism | |
| |
| |
| Retrospective and Legacy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Epicurus of Samos | |
| |
| |
| The Art of Making Life Happy | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| The Garden | |
| |
| |
| Epicurus's Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Epistemology | |
| |
| |
| Nature and Physics | |
| |
| |
| Ethics and the Happy Life | |
| |
| |
| Ataraxia | |
| |
| |
| Two Fears | |
| |
| |
| Feelings | |
| |
| |
| Human Nature | |
| |
| |
| Pleasure and Happiness | |
| |
| |
| Growth | |
| |
| |
| Triumph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Zeno, Marcus Aurelius, and Stoicism | |
| |
| |
| God and Nature | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Zeno and the Stoa | |
| |
| |
| Logic and Epistemology | |
| |
| |
| Physics and Faith | |
| |
| |
| How to Live | |
| |
| |
| Later Stoicism | |
| |
| |
| Marcus Aurelius of Rome and the World | |
| |
| |
| Philosopher-King | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Stoicism in Life | |
| |
| |
| Lessons of Life | |
| |
| |
| Last Hours | |
| |
| |
| |
| Plotinus of Alexandria | |
| |
| |
| Mystical Theology | |
| |
| |
| Sources | |
| |
| |
| Writing | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Mind and Heart | |
| |
| |
| Union | |
| |
| |
| Theology | |
| |
| |
| How Does the World Work | |
| |
| |
| The One | |
| |
| |
| The Mind | |
| |
| |
| The World-Soul | |
| |
| |
| What Is Our (Human) Place in the Scheme of Things? | |
| |
| |
| Toward the Light | |
| |
| |
| |
| Medieval Philosophy: The Struggle Between Belief and Critical Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Philosophy during the Dark Ages: One: Porphyry to Hypatia (ad 305-415) | |
| |
| |
| Devastations | |
| |
| |
| Loss of Learning | |
| |
| |
| The Three Philosophical Traditions | |
| |
| |
| The Source of Truth | |
| |
| |
| Praeparatio Evangelica | |
| |
| |
| Recapitulation and Overview | |
| |
| |
| Candles in the Dark | |
| |
| |
| Porphyry of Tyre | |
| |
| |
| Iamblichus of Chalcis | |
| |
| |
| The Hermetic Literature | |
| |
| |
| The Emperor Julian | |
| |
| |
| Hypatia of Alexandria | |
| |
| |
| |
| Philosophy during the Dark Ages: Two: Augustine of Thagaste (ad 354-430) | |
| |
| |
| The Confessions | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy (As Opposed to Theology) | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Youth | |
| |
| |
| Carthage | |
| |
| |
| Milan | |
| |
| |
| Conversion | |
| |
| |
| Later Years | |
| |
| |
| Augustine's Theology | |
| |
| |
| Faith and Reason | |
| |
| |
| Ethics | |
| |
| |
| Attitude toward the Sciences | |
| |
| |
| The Sin of Pride | |
| |
| |
| The Problem of Evil | |
| |
| |
| Augustine's Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Time and Eternity | |
| |
| |
| Quod Si Fallor, Sum! | |
| |
| |
| A Tale of Two Cities | |
| |
| |
| Final Hours | |
| |
| |
| |
| Philosophy During the Dark Ages: Three: From the Christological Battles to Alcuin (AD 425-800) | |
| |
| |
| The Christological Controversies | |
| |
| |
| Proclus of Athens | |
| |
| |
| Pseudo-Dionysius of the Areopagus | |
| |
| |
| Boethius of Rome | |
| |
| |
| Cassiodorus of Viviers | |
| |
| |
| John Philoponus of Alexandria | |
| |
| |
| Simplicius of Athens | |
| |
| |
| Gregory of Tours | |
| |
| |
| Isidore of Seville | |
| |
| |
| John of Damascus | |
| |
| |
| Venerable Bede of Jarrow | |
| |
| |
| Alcuin of York and the Carolingian Renaissance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Philosophy During the Dark Ages: Four: Eriugena to Abelard (AD 870-1142) | |
| |
| |
| The Beginnings of Scholasticism | |
| |
| |
| John Scotus Eriugena of Ireland | |
| |
| |
| The Problem of Universals | |
| |
| |
| Gerbert of Aurillac | |
| |
| |
| Anselm of Canterbury | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Faith and Reason | |
| |
| |
| The Ontological Argument | |
| |
| |
| Abelard of the Paraclete | |
| |
| |
| The the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Abelard's Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Coda | |
| |
| |
| |
| Arabian and Jewish Philosophy During the Middle Ages | |
| |
| |
| Syriac Beginnings | |
| |
| |
| Byzantine Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Arabian Philosophy in the East | |
| |
| |
| Al-Kindi | |
| |
| |
| Al-Razi | |
| |
| |
| Al-Farabi | |
| |
| |
| Ibn-Sina | |
| |
| |
| Al-Ghazali | |
| |
| |
| 'Omar Khayyam | |
| |
| |
| Arabian Philosophy in the West | |
| |
| |
| Ibn-Bajjah | |
| |
| |
| Ibn-Tufayl | |
| |
| |
| Ibn-Rushd | |
| |
| |
| Ibn-Al-'Arabi | |
| |
| |
| Medieval Jewish Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Moses Maimonides | |
| |
| |
| |
| High Scholasticism: The Golden Age of Theology | |
| |
| |
| Recovery of Intellect | |
| |
| |
| First Stirrings | |
| |
| |
| Alexander of Hales | |
| |
| |
| Albertus Magnus | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| His Work | |
| |
| |
| Scholastic Speculations | |
| |
| |
| Saint Thomas Aquinas of Paris: The Angelic Doctor | |
| |
| |
| Theologian | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy (As Distinct from Theology) | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Paris | |
| |
| |
| Writings | |
| |
| |
| Last Years | |
| |
| |
| Faith and Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Sphere of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Sphere of Theology | |
| |
| |
| The Sphere of Natural Theology | |
| |
| |
| Thomas's Theology | |
| |
| |
| Thomas's Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Synthesizer | |
| |
| |
| The Medieval Mind | |
| |
| |
| |
| Philosophy During the Renaissance | |
| |
| |
| The Resurrection of Eros | |
| |
| |
| Renaissance Trends: The Other Things that Happened | |
| |
| |
| The Crusades | |
| |
| |
| Exploration and Discovery | |
| |
| |
| Growth of Cities | |
| |
| |
| Nationalism | |
| |
| |
| Education | |
| |
| |
| Universities | |
| |
| |
| The Protestant Reformation | |
| |
| |
| Art, Literature, and Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Papermaking and Printing | |
| |
| |
| Philosophy during the Renaissance | |
| |
| |
| Humanism, Naturalism, and Individualism | |
| |
| |
| The Empirical Spirit | |
| |
| |
| Man and History | |
| |
| |
| Recovery of the Senses | |
| |
| |
| Critical Spirit | |
| |
| |
| From Bacon to Bacon: The Return of Empiricism | |
| |
| |
| Empiricism | |
| |
| |
| Roger Bacon | |
| |
| |
| Leonardo da Vinci | |
| |
| |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | |
| |
| |
| Nicholas Copernicus | |
| |
| |
| The Century of Empirical Foundations | |
| |
| |
| Lexicon | |
| |
| |
| Credits | |
| |
| |
| Index | |