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| Preface | |
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| Survey of Electronics | |
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| A Brief History of the Development of Electronics | |
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| Radio and Television Broadcasting | |
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| Career Opportunities in Electronics | |
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| A Preview of the Most Common Electronic Components | |
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| Tools of the Trade | |
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| Electricity | |
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| Negative and Positive Polarities | |
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| Electrons and Protons in the Atom | |
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| Structure of the Atom | |
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| The Coulomb Unit of Electric Charge | |
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| The Volt Unit of Potential Difference | |
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| Charge in Motion Is Current | |
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| Resistance Is Opposition to Current | |
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| The Closed Circuit | |
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| Direction of the Current | |
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| Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC) | |
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| Sources of Electricity | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Resistors | |
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| Types of Resistors | |
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| Resistor Color Coding | |
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| Variable Resistors | |
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| Rheostats and Potentiometers | |
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| Power Rating of Resistors | |
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| Series and Parallel Combinations of Resistors | |
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| Resistor Troubles | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Ohm's Law | |
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| The Current I = V/R | |
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| The Voltage V = IR | |
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| The Resistance R = V/I | |
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| Practical Units | |
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| Multiple Units | |
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| The Linear Proportion between V and I | |
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| Electric Power | |
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| Power Dissipation in Resistance | |
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| Power Formulas | |
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| Choosing the Resistor for a Circuit | |
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| Electric Shock | |
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| Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Troubles | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Series Circuits | |
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| Why I Is the Same in All Parts of a Series Circuit | |
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| Total R Equals the Sum of All Series Resistances | |
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| Series IR Voltage Drops | |
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| The Sum of Series IR Drops Equals the Applied V[subscript T] | |
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| Polarity of IR Voltage Drops | |
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| Total Power in a Series Circuit | |
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| Series-Aiding and Series-Opposing Voltages | |
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| Analyzing Series Circuits | |
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| Effect of an Open Circuit in a Series Path | |
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| Series Switches Represent the and Logic Function | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Parallel Circuits | |
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| The Applied Voltage V[subscript A] Is the Same across Parallel Branches | |
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| Each Branch I Equals V[subscript A]/R | |
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| The Main-Line I[subscript T] Equals the Sum of the Branch Currents | |
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| Resistance in Parallel | |
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| Conductances in Parallel | |
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| Total Power in Parallel Circuits | |
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| Analyzing Parallel Circuits | |
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| Effect of an Open Branch in Parallel Circuits | |
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| Effect of a Short Circuit across Parallel Branches | |
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| Parallel Switches Represent the or Logic Function | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Series-Parallel Circuits | |
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| Finding R[subscript T] for Series-Parallel Resistances | |
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| Resistance Strings in Parallel | |
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| Resistance Banks in Series | |
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| Resistance Banks and Strings in Series-Parallel | |
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| Analyzing Series-Parallel Circuits | |
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| Wheatstone Bridge | |
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| Chassis-Ground Connections | |
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| Voltages Measured to Chassis Ground | |
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| Opens and Shorts in Series-Parallel Circuits | |
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| Series-Parallel Switches Combine the and and or Logic Functions | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Review: Chapters 1 To 6 | |
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| Voltage Dividers and Current Dividers | |
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| Series Voltage Dividers | |
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| Current Divider with Two Parallel Resistances | |
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| Current Division by Parallel Conductances | |
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| Series Voltage Divider with Parallel Load Current | |
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| Design of a Loaded Voltage Divider | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Direct-Current Meters | |
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| Moving-Coil Meter | |
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| Measurement of Current | |
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| Meter Shunts | |
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| Voltmeters | |
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| Loading Effect of a Voltmeter | |
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| Ohmmeters | |
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| Multimeters | |
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| Digital Multimeter (DMM) | |
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| Meter Applications | |
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| Checking Continuity with the Ohmmeter | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Review: Chapters 7 And 8 | |
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| Kirchhoff's Laws | |
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| Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) | |
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| Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) | |
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| Method of Branch Currents | |
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| Node-Voltage Analysis | |
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| Method of Mesh Currents | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Network Theorems | |
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| Superposition | |
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| Thevenin's Theorem | |
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| Thevenizing a Circuit with Two Voltage Sources | |
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| Thevenizing a Bridge Circuit | |
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| Norton's Theorem | |
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| Thevenin-Norton Conversions | |
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| Conversion of Voltage and Current Sources | |
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| Millman's Theorem | |
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| Circuits with Current Sources | |
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| T or Y and [pi] or [Delta] Connections | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Review: Chapters 9 and 10 | |
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| Conductors and Insulators | |
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| Function of the Conductor | |
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| Standard Wire Gage Sizes | |
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| Types of Wire Conductors | |
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| Connectors | |
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| Printed Wiring | |
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| Switches | |
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| Fuses | |
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| Wire Resistance | |
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| Temperature Coefficient of Resistance | |
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| Ion Current in Liquids and Gases | |
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| Electrons and Hole Charges in Semiconductors | |
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| Insulators | |
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| Troubleshooting Hints for Wires and Connectors | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Batteries | |
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| General Features of Batteries | |
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| The Voltaic Cell | |
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| Carbon-Zinc Dry Cell | |
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| Alkaline Cell | |
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| Additional Types of Primary Cells | |
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| Summary of Dry Cells | |
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| Lithium Cell | |
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| Lead-Acid Wet Cell | |
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| Additional Types of Secondary Cells | |
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| Series and Parallel Cells | |
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| Current Drain Depends on Load Resistance | |
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| Internal Resistance of a Generator | |
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| Why the Terminal Voltage Drops with More Load Current | |
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| Constant-Voltage and Constant-Current Sources | |
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| Matching a Load Resistance to the Generator r[subscript i] | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Review: Chapters 11 and 12 | |
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| Magnetism | |
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| The Magnetic Field [phis] | |
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| Magnetic Flux [mu] | |
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| Flux Density B | |
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| Induction by the Magnetic Field | |
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| Air Gap of a Magnet | |
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| Types of Magnets | |
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| Ferrites | |
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| Magnetic Shielding | |
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| The Hall Effect | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Magnetic Units | |
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| Ampere-Turns of Magnetomotive Force (mmf) | |
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| Field Intensity (H) | |
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| Permeability ([mu]) | |
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| B-H Magnetization Curve | |
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| Magnetic Hysteresis | |
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| Ohm's Law for Magnetic Circuits | |
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| Relations between Magnetic Units | |
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| Comparison of Magnetic and Electric Fields | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Electromagnetic Induction | |
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| Magnetic Field around an Electric Current | |
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| Magnetic Polarity of a Coil | |
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| Motor Action between Two Magnetic Fields | |
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| Induced Current | |
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| Lenz' Law | |
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| Generating an Induced Voltage | |
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| Faraday's Law of Induced Voltage | |
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| Relays | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Alternating Voltage and Current | |
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| Alternating Current Applications | |
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| Alternating-Voltage Generator | |
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| The Sine Wave | |
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| Alternating Current | |
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| Voltage and Current Values for a Sine Wave | |
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| Frequency | |
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| Period | |
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| Wavelength | |
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| Phase Angle | |
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| The Time Factor in Frequency and Phase | |
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| Alternating Current Circuits with Resistance | |
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| Nonsinusoidal AC Waveforms | |
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| Harmonic Frequencies | |
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| The 60-Hz AC Power Line | |
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| Motors and Generators | |
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| Three-Phase AC Power | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Review: Chapters 13 to 16 | |
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| Capacitance | |
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| How Charge Is Stored in the Dielectric | |
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| Charging and Discharging a Capacitor | |
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| The Farad Unit of Capacitance | |
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| Typical Capacitors | |
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| Electrolytic Capacitors | |
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| Capacitor Coding | |
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| Parallel Capacitances | |
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| Series Capacitances | |
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| Stray Capacitive and Inductive Effects | |
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| Energy in Electrostatic Field of Capacitance | |
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| Troubles in Capacitors | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Capacitive Reactance | |
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| Alternating Current in a Capacitive Circuit | |
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| The Amount of X[subscript C] Equals 1/(2[pi]fC) | |
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| Series or Parallel Capacitive Reactances | |
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| Ohm's Law Applied to X[subscript C] | |
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| Applications of Capacitive Reactance | |
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| Sine-Wave Charge and Discharge Current | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Capacitive Circuits | |
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| Sine-Wave v[subscript C] Lags i[subscript C] by 90[degree] | |
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| X[subscript C] and R in Series | |
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| RC Phase-Shifter Circuit | |
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| X[subscript C] and R in Parallel | |
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| RF and AF Coupling Capacitors | |
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| Capacitive Voltage Dividers | |
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| The General Case of Capacitive Current i[subscript C] | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Review: Chapters 17 to 19 | |
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| Inductance | |
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| Induction by Alternating Current | |
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| Self-Inductance L | |
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| Self-Induced Voltage v[subscript L] | |
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| How v[subscript L] Opposes a Change in Current | |
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| Mutual Inductance L[subscript M] | |
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| Transformers | |
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| Transformer Ratings | |
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| Impedance Transformation | |
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| Core Losses | |
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| Types of Cores | |
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| Variable Inductance | |
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| Inductances in Series or Parallel | |
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| Stray Inductance | |
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| Energy in Magnetic Field of Inductance | |
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| Troubles in Coils | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Inductive Reactance | |
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| How X[subscript L] Reduces the Amount of I | |
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| X[subscript L] = 2[pi]fL | |
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| Series or Parallel Inductive Reactances | |
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| Ohm's Law Applied to X[subscript L] | |
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| Applications of X[subscript L] for Different Frequencies | |
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| Waveshape of v[subscript L] Induced by Sine-Wave Current | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Inductive Circuits | |
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| Sine-Wave i[subscript L] Lags v[subscript L] by 90[degree] | |
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| X[subscript L] and R in Series | |
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| Impedance Z Triangle | |
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| X[subscript L] and R in Parallel | |
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| Q of a Coil | |
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| AF and RF Chokes | |
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| The General Case of Inductive Voltage | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Rc and L/R Time Constants | |
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| Response of Resistance Alone | |
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| L/R Time Constant | |
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| High Voltage Produced by Opening an RL Circuit | |
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| RC Time Constant | |
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| RC Charge and Discharge Curves | |
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| High Current Produced by Short-circuiting RC Circuit | |
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| RC Waveshapes | |
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| Long and Short Time Constants | |
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| Charge and Discharge with Short RC Time Constant | |
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| Long Time Constant for RC Coupling Circuit | |
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| Universal Time Constant Graph | |
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| Comparison of Reactance and Time Constant | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Review: Chapters 20 to 23 | |
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| Alternating Current Circuits | |
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| AC Circuits with Resistance but No Reactance | |
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| Circuits with X[subscript L] Alone | |
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| Circuits with X[subscript C] Alone | |
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| Opposite Reactances Cancel | |
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| Series Reactance and Resistance | |
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| Parallel Reactance and Resistance | |
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| Series-Parallel Reactance and Resistance | |
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| Real Power | |
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| AC Meters | |
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| Wattmeters | |
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| Summary of Types of Ohms in AC Circuits | |
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| Summary of Types of Phasors in AC Circuits | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Complex Numbers for AC Circuits | |
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| Positive and Negative Numbers | |
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| The j Operator | |
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| Definition of a Complex Number | |
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| How Complex Numbers Are Applied to AC Circuits | |
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| Impedance in Complex Form | |
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| Operations with Complex Numbers | |
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| Magnitude and Angle of a Complex Number | |
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| Polar Form of Complex Numbers | |
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| Converting Polar to Rectangular Form | |
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| Complex Numbers in Series AC Circuits | |
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| Complex Numbers in Parallel AC Circuits | |
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| Combining Two Complex Branch Impedances | |
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| Combining Complex Branch Currents | |
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| Parallel Circuit with Three Complex Branches | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Review: Chapters 24 and 25 | |
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| Resonance | |
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| The Resonance Effect | |
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| Series Resonance | |
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| Parallel Resonance | |
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| Resonant Frequency f[subscript r] = 1/(2[pi][characters not reproducible]LC) | |
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| Q Magnification Factor of Resonant Circuit | |
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| Bandwidth of Resonant Circuit | |
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| Tuning | |
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| Mistuning | |
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| Analysis of Parallel Resonant Circuits | |
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| Damping of Parallel Resonant Circuits | |
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| Choosing L and C for a Resonant Circuit | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Filters | |
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| Examples of Filtering | |
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| Direct Current Combined with Alternating Current | |
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| Transformer Coupling | |
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| Capacitive Coupling | |
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| Bypass Capacitors | |
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| Filter Circuits | |
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| Low-Pass Filters | |
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| High-Pass Filters | |
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| Analyzing Filter Circuits | |
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| Decibels and Frequency Response Curves | |
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| Resonant Filters | |
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| Interference Filters | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Review: Chapters 26 and 27 | |
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| Electronic Devices | |
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| Semiconductors | |
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| The PN Junction | |
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| Semiconductor Diodes | |
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| PNP and NPN Transistors | |
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| Field-Effect Transistor (FET) | |
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| Testing Diodes and Thyristors | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Electronic Circuits | |
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| Analog and Digital Signals | |
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| Amplifier Gain | |
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| Characteristics of Amplifier Circuits | |
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| Oscillators | |
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| Multivibrators | |
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| Modulation | |
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| Diode Rectifiers | |
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| Troubleshooting the DC Supply Voltage | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Transistor Amplifiers | |
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| Circuit Configurations | |
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| Class A, B, or C Operation | |
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| Analysis of Common-Emitter (CE) Amplifier | |
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| Collector Characteristic Curves | |
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| Letter Symbols for Transistors | |
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| FET Amplifiers | |
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| Troubleshooting Amplifier Circuits | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Review: Chapters 28 to 30 | |
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| Digital Electronics | |
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| Comparing Binary and Decimal Numbers | |
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| Decimal to Binary Conversion | |
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| Hexadecimal Numbers | |
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| Binary Coded Decimal System | |
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| The ASCII Code | |
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| Logic Gates, Symbols, and Truth Tables | |
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| Boolean Algebra | |
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| DeMorgan's Theorem | |
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| Active high/Active low Terminology | |
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| Treating Unused Inputs on Logic Gates | |
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| Combinational Logic Circuits | |
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| Flip-Flops | |
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| Binary Counters | |
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| New Logic Symbols | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Integrated Circuits | |
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| Operational Amplifiers and Their Characteristics | |
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| Op Amp Circuits | |
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| Summary and Review | |
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| Review: Chapters 31 and 32 | |
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| Electrical Symbols and Abbreviations | |
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| Solder and the Soldering Process | |
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| Schematic Symbols | |
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| Using the Oscilloscope | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Answers to Self-Tests | |
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| Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems and Critical Thinking Problems | |
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| Index | |