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List of Figures and Tables | |
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Foreword to the Third Edition | |
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Foreword to the Second Edition | |
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Foreword to the First Edition | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Introduction | |
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Why Do Seizures and Epilepsy Occur? | |
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How the Brain Works: Understanding Seizures and Why There Are So Many Types | |
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Society: A Model for Disruptions and Seizures | |
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A Seizure Focus | |
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Why Do Seizures Occur? | |
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The Importance of Threshold | |
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Explaining to Your Child How the Brain Works | |
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The Kinds of Seizure and Where They Arise in the Brain | |
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The Many Types of Seizure | |
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Terms Describing the Phases of a Seizure | |
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How Are Seizures Classified? | |
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The Old System: "Grand Mal" and "Petit Mal" Seizures | |
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The New System: "Generalized" and "Partial" Seizures | |
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Generalized Seizures | |
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Absence Seizures | |
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Myoclonic Seizures | |
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Atonic Seizures | |
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Tonic-Clonic Seizures | |
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Partial (Focal) Seizures and the Anatomy of the Brain | |
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Motor and Sensory Areas | |
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The Temporal Lobes: Lateral (Outer) | |
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The Temporal Lobes: Mesial (Inner) | |
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The Frontal Lobes | |
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Other Areas of the Brain: The Occipital Lobes and Parietal Lobes | |
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Simple Partial Seizures | |
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With Motor Symptoms or with Sensory Symptoms | |
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With Autonomic Symptoms | |
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With Psychic Symptoms | |
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Complex Partial Seizures | |
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With Simple Partial Onset | |
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With Loss of Consciousness at Onset | |
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Gelastic Seizures | |
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Differentiating between Types of Seizure | |
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Locating the Site of Onset | |
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Diagnosing Seizures and Epilepsy | |
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How We Diagnose a Seizure and Decide What It Will Mean for Your Child | |
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Was It a Seizure? | |
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Provoked and Unprovoked Seizures | |
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Episodes Often Mistaken for Seizures | |
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Is It Fainting or a Seizure? | |
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Is It Daydreaming or a Seizure? | |
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Tics | |
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Myoclonic Jerks | |
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Breathholding Spells | |
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Migraine Headaches | |
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Paroxysmal Behavioral Disturbances | |
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Nonepileptic Seizures (Psychological Seizures, Pseudoseizures) | |
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The Physician's Evaluation | |
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How We Evaluate and Think about a First Seizure | |
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Febrile Seizures | |
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What Should You Do during a Seizure? | |
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After the Seizure Is Over | |
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Questions You Will Ask | |
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Evaluation of the Child with a First Seizure without Fever | |
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Decision Making: Assessing Risks and Benefits after a Nonfebrile Seizure | |
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Whether or Not to Use Medicine | |
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Decisions about Everyday Life | |
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What to Do during a Second Big Seizure | |
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What Should You Not Do? | |
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What Should You Do? | |
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When Should You Call for Help or an Ambulance? | |
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Understanding Your Child's Tests: EEG, CT, and MRI | |
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The Electroencephalogram (EEG) | |
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When to Do an EEG | |
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Performing an EEG | |
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Sedation for an EEG | |
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Normalities and Abnormalities on the EEG | |
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Spikes | |
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Slowing | |
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EEG Abnormalities Related to Certain Seizure-Types | |
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Absence Seizures | |
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Atypical Absence Seizures | |
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Other Special Patterns | |
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Special EEG Procedures | |
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"Why Do an EEG Anyway?" | |
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Why Repeat an EEG? | |
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Intensive EEG Monitoring | |
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Ambulatory EEG Monitoring | |
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Video-EEG Monitoring | |
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CT and MRI Scanning | |
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CT Scanning | |
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Why a CT Scan? | |
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MRI Scanning | |
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The Epilepsies of Childhood: Special Patterns and Causes | |
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Epilepsy and Its Special Forms | |
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Epilepsy Syndromes | |
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Benign Rolandic Epilepsy | |
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Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy of Janz | |
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Infantile Spasms (West Syndrome) | |
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Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome | |
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Landau-Kleffner Syndrome and Other Language Impairments | |
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Neonatal Seizures | |
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Special Conditions That Cause Epilepsy | |
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Strokes | |
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Developmental Abnormalities of the Brain | |
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Tuberous Sclerosis | |
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Sturge-Weber Syndrome | |
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Neurofibromatosis | |
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Chronic Infections | |
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Herpes Virus | |
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HIV Infections (AIDS) | |
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Rasmussen's Syndrome | |
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Degenerative Diseases | |
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Treating Seizures and Epilepsy | |
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Medical Treatment of Seizures | |
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Philosophy of Treatment | |
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How Anticonvulsant Drugs Work in Epilepsy | |
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Terms You Need to Know | |
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Blood Levels of Anticonvulsants and the Therapeutic Range | |
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Common Questions about Blood Levels | |
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Drug Interactions | |
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Choosing the Best Medication | |
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Common Older, "First-Line" Drugs for Partial Seizures and Tonic-Clonic Seizures | |
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Phenobarbital | |
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Phenytoin (Dilantin) | |
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Carbamazepine (Tegretol) | |
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Valproic Acid (Depakene, Depakote) | |
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Drugs for Absence and Other Generalized Seizures | |
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Ethosuximide (Zarontin) | |
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Valproic Acid (Depakene, Depakote) | |
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The Benzodiazepines (Diazepam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, and Lorazepam) | |
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"Not Approved for Use in Children" | |
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New Antiepileptic Medications | |
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Felbamate | |
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Gabapentin (Neurontin) | |
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Lamotrigine (Lamictal) | |
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Topiramate (Topamax) | |
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Tiagabine (Gabitril) | |
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Levetiracetam (Keppra) | |
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Vigabatrin (Sabril) | |
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Tegretol Analogues (Carbatrol, Tegretol-XR, Oxycarbazepine [Trileptal]) | |
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Zonisamide (Zonegran) | |
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How to Choose among the Many New Medications | |
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Generic Drugs or Brand-Name Drugs? | |
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Status Epilepticus: A Medical Emergency | |
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Convulsive Status Epilepticus and Its Treatment | |
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Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus and Its Treatment | |
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The Outlook for the Child with Seizures | |
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What Is the Outlook after a First Seizure? | |
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What Is the Outlook after a Second Seizure? | |
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Questions You May Have | |
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The Ketogenic Diet | |
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History of the Diet | |
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What Is the Ketogenic Diet? | |
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Choosing and Managing the Diet | |
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Parents' Questions about the Diet | |
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Vitamins, Minerals, and Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Epilepsy | |
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Vitamins, Minerals, Other Special Diets | |
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Vitamins | |
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Minerals | |
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Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Epilepsy | |
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The Theoretical Bases for Evidence-Based Therapies for Epilepsy | |
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The Theoretical Bases for Alternative and Complementary Therapies for Epilepsy | |
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Traditional Chinese Medicine | |
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Chinese Herbal Therapies | |
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Acupuncture | |
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Phytotherapy | |
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Homeopathy | |
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Adjustments, Manipulations, and Massage | |
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Chiropractic | |
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Craniosacral Therapy | |
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Osteopathy | |
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Massage | |
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Oxygen, Hyperbaric Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide Therapies | |
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Other New Alternative Therapies | |
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Cerebellar Stimulation | |
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Vagus Nerve Stimulation | |
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | |
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Biofeedback | |
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Conclusion | |
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Surgical Approaches to Epilepsy | |
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Thinking about Surgery | |
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Tumor Surgery and Epilepsy Surgery | |
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Surgery for Partial (Focal) Seizures | |
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General Considerations for Focal Surgery | |
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Is Your Child a Candidate for Surgery? | |
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Confirming that Your Child Is a Candidate for Surgery | |
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Risk-Benefit Discussion with Your Physicians | |
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Evaluation of Language | |
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Invasive Studies | |
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Special Techniques for Localization of the Seizure Focus | |
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Making the Final Decision | |
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Including the Child in the Decision | |
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Surgery for Other Types of Seizures | |
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Hemispherectomy | |
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Vagus Nerve Stimulation | |
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Corpus Callosum Sectioning | |
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Tips for Parents of Children Undergoing Invasive Monitoring or Surgery | |
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Monitoring | |
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Surgery | |
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The Hospital Routine for Patients Undergoing Surgery | |
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Coping with Epilepsy | |
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Coping with Seizures and Epilepsy | |
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The First "Big" Seizure | |
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What You Should Know | |
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What Do You Tell Your Child after a Single Seizure? | |
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What Do You Tell Other Children after a Single Seizure? | |
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What Do You Tell Grandparents and Friends after a Single Seizure? | |
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What Do You Tell the School after a Single Seizure? | |
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Recurrent Tonic-Clonic Seizures: Epilepsy | |
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Benign Epilepsy of Childhood | |
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Controlled Epilepsy of Childhood | |
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Coming to Terms with Epilepsy: Fear, Grief, Anger, Acceptance | |
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Helping Your Child Cope with Epilepsy | |
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What Do You Tell Grandparents and Friends When Seizures Recur? | |
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What Do You Tell the School and Classmates after Additional Seizures? | |
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Absence Seizures | |
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Complex Partial Seizures | |
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Is Your Child Disabled or Handicapped? | |
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Coping with the Uncertainties of Seizures and Epilepsy: The Power of Positive Thinking | |
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A Tale of Two Parents | |
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The Power of Positive Thinking | |
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Communicating | |
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Anxiety, the Greatest Enemy | |
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Coping with Substantial Handicap: Mental Retardation, Cerebral Palsy, and Difficult-to-Control Seizures | |
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Coping with Labels | |
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Mental Retardation | |
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Commonly Asked Questions | |
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Cerebral Palsy | |
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Spastic Hemiparesis | |
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Spastic Quadriparesis | |
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Diplegia | |
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Abnormal Movements | |
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Difficult-to-Control Seizures | |
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Coping with Severe Handicap with Epilepsy | |
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A Parent's Special Needs | |
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Coping with Shattered Expectations | |
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Epilepsy as a Psychosocial Disease | |
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The Child's Self-Perception | |
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Overprotection and Overindulgence | |
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Attitudes of Brothers and Sisters | |
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Sibling Workshops | |
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Camps | |
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Attitudes of Friends | |
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How Common Are Psychosocial Problems? | |
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Counseling: A Dialogue | |
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Who Needs Counseling? | |
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Where Counseling Helped: An Example | |
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How Do You Help Teenagers Cope? | |
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Counseling the Younger Child | |
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Particularly Difficult Circumstances | |
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Acceptance and Responsibility | |
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Living with Epilepsy | |
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School: Learning and Behavior | |
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Intelligence | |
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Learning Problems | |
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Attention Problems and Hyperactivity | |
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Psychological and Social Problems | |
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Routine Medical Care and Epilepsy | |
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Sports and Epilepsy | |
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Driving and Epilepsy | |
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Marriage, Pregnancy, and Children | |
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Marriage and Parenthood | |
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Risks of Pregnancy while Taking Anticonvulsant Drugs | |
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Breastfeeding and Birth Control | |
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"Will My Child Have Neurological Problems?" | |
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Other Genetic Issues | |
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Support Services and Additional Information for People with Epilepsy and Their Families | |
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National and Local Epilepsy Services | |
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Getting Information | |
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Epilepsy and the Internet | |
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Reliable Sourcese of Information | |
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Selected Bibliography on the Ketogenic Diet | |
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Insurance and Other Financial Issues | |
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Conclusion | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |