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Guided Tour of Learning Features | |
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Guided Tour of the Online Resource Centre | |
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List of Figures | |
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List of Boxes | |
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List of Tables | |
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About the Contributors | |
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Abbreviations | |
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Introduction | |
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Introduction: what is the EU? | |
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Why was it set up? | |
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Who can join? | |
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Who pays? | |
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How is European policy made? | |
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The organization of the book | |
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The Historical Context | |
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The European Community: From 1945 to 1985 | |
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Introduction | |
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The opening moves | |
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The Community idea | |
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Rome and the stalling of ambition | |
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The emergence of summits | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Towards European Union | |
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Introduction | |
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The European Union as a European union | |
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Reviewing the Union: the 1996 IGC and the Treaty of Amsterdam | |
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Preparing for enlargement: the 2000 IGC, the Treaty of Nice, and the 'Future of Europe' debate | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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The Rise and Fall of the Constitutional Treaty | |
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Introduction | |
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The drafting process | |
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Key elements of the Constitutional Treaty | |
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What the Constitutional Treaty is not about - an appraisal | |
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Ratification | |
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The significance of the Constitutional Treaty and the ratification experience | |
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Where next for the EU and its treaties? | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Theories and Conceptual Approaches | |
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Federalism and Federation | |
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Introduction | |
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Federalism, federation, and European integration | |
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The variety of federal models | |
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Monnet's conception of Europe and its political implications | |
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The meaning of a federal Europe | |
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Conclusion: from quantity to quality | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Neo-functionalism | |
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Introduction | |
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What is neo-functionalism? | |
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A brief history of neo-functionalism | |
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Supranationalism and spillover | |
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Critiques of neo-functionalism | |
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The revival of neo-functionalism | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Intergovernmentalism | |
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Introduction | |
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What is intergovernmentalism? | |
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Hoffmann and his critics | |
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Beyond classical intergovernmentalism | |
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Liberal intergovernmentalism and its critics | |
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Conclusion: the future of intergovernmentalism | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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New Theories of European Integration | |
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Introduction | |
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The limits of the classical debate | |
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Institutionalism and the EU | |
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Theories of policy-making and the EU | |
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Multi-level governance | |
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Social constructivist approaches to the EU | |
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International Relations and International Political Economy revisited | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Institutions and Actors | |
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The European Commission | |
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Introduction | |
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The functions of the Commission | |
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Commission influence | |
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The President and the commissioners | |
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Commissioners' cabinets | |
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The Commission services | |
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Connecting to national administrations: committees and networks | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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The Council of the European Union | |
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Introduction | |
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The heart of EU decision-making | |
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The Council and the European Council: not the same thing | |
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How does the Council work? | |
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The layers of Council decision-making | |
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Institutional evolution over time and current challenges | |
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Conclusion: national, supranational, or both? | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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The European Parliament | |
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Introduction | |
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The origins and development of the European Parliament | |
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The powers and influence of the European Parliament | |
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The internal politics of the European Parliament | |
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Elections, the people, and the European Parliament | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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The Courts of the European Union | |
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Introduction | |
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Composition, structure, and procedure | |
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Jurisdiction | |
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The 'judicial activism' debate | |
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Reforming the Union's judicial system | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Interest Groups and the European Union | |
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Introduction | |
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The EU institutions and interest groups | |
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EU democracy and civil society | |
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European interest groups | |
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The Europeanization of domestic interests | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Policies and Policy-Making | |
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European Union External Relations | |
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Introduction | |
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The Common Commercial Policy (CCP) | |
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Development assistance policy and monetary policy | |
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External policy objectives | |
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Obstacles and opportunities: the EU as a power in the world economy | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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The EU's Foreign, Security, and Defence Policies | |
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Introduction | |
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Some history: European Political Cooperation (EPC) | |
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The changing context of European foreign policy | |
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Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) | |
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European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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The Single Market | |
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Introduction | |
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Market integration in historical perspective | |
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Harmonization: the politics of intervention | |
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The free trade umpire: the European Court of Justice and judicial activism | |
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Market-making: the politics of neo-liberalism | |
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The 1992 Programme: a blueprint for action | |
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Maintaining and correcting the market | |
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Theorizing the Single Market | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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The EU's Social Dimension | |
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Introduction | |
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The EEC and its member states | |
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The Treaty reforms from Maastricht to the Draft Constitutional Treaty | |
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The development and scope of European social policy | |
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The European Social Fund | |
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New developments: the open method of coordination | |
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Social partnership at the European level | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Regional Europe | |
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Introduction | |
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Regions in EU decision-making | |
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Origins and development of EU regional policy | |
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Building EU regional policy: from the Treaty of Rome to the present | |
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The implementation of EU regional policy | |
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Conclusion: implications of regional Europe | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Justice and Home Affairs | |
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Introduction | |
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Preludes to cooperation | |
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The Schengen experiment | |
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Maastricht and the 'third pillar' | |
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Fixing the third pillar: the Amsterdam and Nice Treaties | |
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Policy output: baby steps to bold agendas | |
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Extending JHA cooperation outwards | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Economic and Monetary Union | |
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Introduction | |
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What is EMU? | |
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From The Hague to Maastricht (1969-91) | |
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From treaty to reality (1992-2002) | |
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Explaining EMU | |
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Criticisms of EMU | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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The Common Agricultural Policy | |
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Introduction | |
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The early days of the CAP and the issue of CAP reform | |
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A dramatic shift in 1992 | |
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An ongoing reform process | |
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New challenges and debates for the CAP | |
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Conclusion: the CAP at a crossroads | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Issue and Debates | |
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Democracy and the European Polity | |
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Introduction | |
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Understanding the 'democratic deficit' | |
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Models of European democracy | |
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Democracy and treaty reform | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Public Opinion and the EU | |
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Introduction | |
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General perceptions of the EU | |
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Knowledge of the EU and cognitive mobilization | |
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Political economy and rationality | |
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Attitudes to the national government | |
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Identity | |
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The perceived poverty of EU institutions | |
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Public opinion in the new member states | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Differentiated European Integration | |
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Introduction | |
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The EU in the twenty-first century: flexibility as the norm? | |
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Three methods of differentiation | |
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Some possible problems of differentiation | |
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Differentiation: what impact on the EU? | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Europeanization | |
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Introduction | |
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Defining Europeanization | |
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Theorizing Europeanization | |
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Europeanization and state institutions | |
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The Europeanization of domestic policy | |
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The Europeanization of parties, party systems, and political representation | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Enlargement | |
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Introduction | |
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Why enlargement? | |
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The impact of enlargement on the EU | |
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Who can join the EU? | |
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What is the accession process? | |
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Conditionality | |
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Countries and regions | |
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Moving the border eastward | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Conclusion: The Future of the European Union | |
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Introduction: the EU in crisis - again | |
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Euro-visions: superpower or subordinate? | |
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Determining the future of the EU | |
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Conclusions: a flexible future for Europe? | |
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Questions | |
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Guide to Further Reading | |
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Important Websites | |
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Glossary | |
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References | |
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Index | |