Preface | p. xxi |
Hydrology | p. 1 |
Water | p. 2 |
Water Effects | p. 3 |
Hydrologic Cycle | p. 4 |
Hydrologic Cycle | p. 5 |
Hydrology in Engineering | p. 6 |
References | p. 8 |
Hydraulics | p. 1 |
Hydraulic Engineering | p. 2 |
Historic Record | p. 2 |
Empirical Methods | p. 5 |
Modern Methods | p. 9 |
Present Usage of Water | p. 9 |
Future Concerns | p. 10 |
Field Hydraulics | p. 10 |
References | p. 11 |
Groundwater | p. 1 |
Origin and Occurrence | p. 2 |
Modern Usage | p. 2 |
Estimating Guidelines for Daily Water Usage | p. 3 |
Fundamentals of Flow | p. 4 |
USDA Classification of Soil Based on Particle Size of 1 Millimeter | p. 5 |
USDA Soil Textural Classes | p. 6 |
Test Holes and Logs | p. 7 |
Sample Test Hole Log | p. 8 |
Piezometric Mapping | p. 9 |
Generic Piezometric Map | p. 9 |
Well-Water Measuring Methods | p. 10 |
Air-Line Installation for Measuring Water Levels | p. 14 |
Using Electric Sounder to Measure Water Levels | p. 17 |
Curve for Determining Value of K in Formula for Circular-Orifice Weir | p. 20 |
Relation of Drawdown to Yield in Water Table and Artesian Wells | p. 22 |
Springs | p. 23 |
Geothermal Conditions | p. 24 |
Artificial Recharge | p. 25 |
Geometry of a Wastewater Effluent Seepage Cell | p. 26 |
Basic Geometry of a Typical Mounding Effect | p. 28 |
Unconfined Aquifer | p. 28 |
Cross-Sectional View Illustrating Unconfined and Confined Aquifers | p. 29 |
Perched Water Table | p. 29 |
Construction Dewatering | p. 30 |
Typical Construction Dewatering Arrangement | p. 30 |
Cold-Region Construction Problems | p. 31 |
References | p. 32 |
Pumps | p. 1 |
Major Pump Types and Construction Styles | p. 2 |
Overhung Impeller, Close-Coupled, Single-Stage, End-Suction Pump | p. 3 |
Overhung Impeller, Close-Coupled, Single-Stage, End-Suction, Canned Motor Pump | p. 4 |
Overhung Impeller, Close-Coupled, Single-Stage, Submersible Pump | p. 5 |
Overhung Impeller, Close-Coupled, Single-Stage, Inline Pump | p. 6 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Inline, Flexible Coupling Pump | p. 7 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Inline, Rigid Coupling Pump | p. 8 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Frame-Mounted Pump | p. 9 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage Centerline Support, API 610 Pump | p. 10 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Frame-Mounted, ANSI B73-1 Pump | p. 11 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Wet Pit Volute Pump | p. 12 |
Axial-Flow Horizontal Pump | p. 13 |
Impeller between Bearings, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage Axial (Horizontal) Split Case Pump (Part One) | p. 14 |
Impeller between Bearings, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage Axial (Horizontal) Split Case Pump (Part Two) | p. 15 |
Impeller between Bearings, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage Axial (Horizontal) Split Case Pump (Part Three) | p. 16 |
Impeller Between Bearings, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage Radial (Vertical) Split Case Pump | p. 17 |
Impeller between Bearings, Separately Coupled, Multistage Axial (Horizontal) Split Case Pump | p. 18 |
Impeller between Bearings, Separately Coupled, Multistage Radial (Vertical) Split Case Pump | p. 19 |
Turbine-Type, Vertical, Multistage, Deep-Well, Submersible Pump | p. 20 |
Turbine-Type, Vertical, Multistage, Deep-Well Pump | p. 21 |
Turbine-Type, Vertical, Multistage, Barrel or Can Pump | p. 22 |
Turbine-Type, Vertical, Multistage, Short Setting Pump | p. 23 |
Mixed-Flow Vertical Pump | p. 24 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Mixed-Flow Impeller Volute-Type Horizontal Pump | p. 25 |
Vertical, Axial-flow Impeller (Propeller)-Type Pump | p. 26 |
Regenerative Turbine, Impeller Overhung, Single-Stage Pump | p. 27 |
Regenerative Turbine, Impeller between Bearings, Two-Stage Pump | p. 28 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Frame-Mounted Pump | p. 29 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Frame-Mounted Pump on Baseplate | p. 30 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Centerline-Mounted Pump | p. 31 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Centerline-Mounted Pump on Baseplate | p. 32 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Centerline-Mounted (Top-Suction) Pump | p. 33 |
Overhung Impeller, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage, Centerline-Mounted Pump on Baseplate (Top Suction) | p. 34 |
Basic Rotary Pumps | p. 35 |
Basic Components of Rotary Pumps | p. 37 |
Internal Gear Pump--Foot Mounting and Flange Mounting | p. 39 |
Internal Gear Pump--Foot Mounting and Close-Coupled | p. 40 |
External Gear Pump--Flanged Ports and Threaded Ports | p. 41 |
External Gear Pump on Baseplate | p. 42 |
External Gear and Bearing Screw Pump on Baseplate | p. 43 |
Multiple-Screw Pump | p. 44 |
Lobe Pump | p. 45 |
Horizontal Single-Acting Plunger Power Pump | p. 46 |
Vertical Single-Acting Plunger Power Pump | p. 46 |
Horizontal Double-Acting Piston Power Pump | p. 46 |
Vertical Triplex Plunger Pump, on Base, Gear Reduction | p. 47 |
Horizontal Triplex Plunger Pump, on Base, Belt Drive | p. 47 |
Liquid End, Horizontal Plunger Power Pump | p. 48 |
Liquid End, Vertical Plunger Power Pump | p. 49 |
Power End, Horizontal Plunger Power Pump | p. 50 |
Power End, Vertical Plunger Power Pump | p. 51 |
Power End, Horizontal Duplex Power Pump with Integral Gears | p. 52 |
Summary of Operating Performances of Pumps | p. 53 |
Weirs, Flumes, and Orifices | p. 1 |
Discharge from Triangular Notch Weirs with End Contractions | p. 2 |
Discharge from Rectangular Weir with End Contractions | p. 3 |
Minimum and Maximum Recommended Flow Rates for Rectangular Weirs (a) with End Contractions and (b) without End Contractions | p. 4 |
Compound Weir (90[degree] V-Notch Weir with Contracted Rectangular Weir) | p. 5 |
Inexpensive Weir Installation for Small-Stream Measurement | p. 5 |
Typical Sharp-Crested Weirs | p. 6 |
Sharp-Crested Weir with Staff Gauge | p. 7 |
Trapezoidal (Cipolletti) Sharp-Crested Weir | p. 7 |
Weirs Replace Gate Valves | p. 8 |
Minimum and Maximum Recommended Flow Rates for Cipolletti Weirs | p. 11 |
Various Other Sharp-Crested Weir Profiles | p. 11 |
General Flume Configuration | p. 12 |
Parshall Flume Design | p. 12 |
Dimensions for Various Throat Widths for Parshall Flume | p. 13 |
Flume Inlet and Outlet Piping Detail for WWTF | p. 14 |
Minimum and Maximum Recommended Flow Rates for Free Flow-through Parshall Flumes | p. 15 |
Various Cross-Sectional Shapes of Palmer-Bowlus Flumes | p. 15 |
Dimensional Configuration of Standardized Palmer-Bowlus Flume Trapezoidal Throat Cross Section | p. 16 |
Dimensions and Capacities of H-Type Flumes | p. 16 |
Trapezoidal Flumes for 1- and 2-Foot Irrigation Channels | p. 19 |
Original San Dimas Flume | p. 20 |
Weir versus Flume Typical Installation as Measuring Devices | p. 20 |
Selection of a Primary Measuring Device: Weirs (a) versus Flumes (b) | p. 21 |
Relative Head Losses for Water Flows in Different Types of Weirs and Flumes | p. 22 |
Essential Details of the Circular-Orifice Method Used to Measure Pumping Rates of a Turbine Pump | p. 23 |
Flow Rates through Circular Orifice | p. 24 |
Venturi Meter, Nozzles, and Orifices | p. 24 |
Theoretical discharge or Orifices, U.S. GPM | p. 27 |
Flow Regulator | p. 29 |
Open-Flow Nozzles - Dimensions and Approximate Capacities | p. 30 |
Channel Section Geometric Elements | p. 31 |
Flow in Pipes | p. 1 |
Manning Formula Pipe Flow Chart (English/Metric Units), n = 0.009 | p. 2 |
Manning Formula Pipe Flow Chart (English/Metric Units), n = 0.010 | p. 3 |
Manning Formula Pipe Flow Chart (English/Metric Units), n = 0.011 | p. 4 |
Manning Formula Pipe Flow Chart (English/Metric Units), n = 0.012 | p. 5 |
Manning Formula Pipe Flow Chart (English/Metric Units), n = 0.013 | p. 6 |
Manning Formula Pipe Flow Chart (English/Metric Units), n = 0.015 | p. 7 |
Manning Formula Pipe flow chart (English/Metric Units), n = 0.017 | p. 8 |
Manning Formula Pipe Flow Chart (English/Metric Units), n = 0.019 | p. 9 |
Manning Formula: Gravity Flow in Open Channel (Round Pipe) | p. 10 |
Values of the Manning Roughness Coefficient n | p. 11 |
Area of Flow and Hydraulic Radius for Various Flow Depths | p. 14 |
Design Capacities for Clay Pipe Sewers, n = 0.010 | p. 15 |
Design Capacities for Clay Pipe Sewers, n = 0.013 | p. 16 |
Hydraulic Properties of Clay Pipe at Design Depth | p. 17 |
Hydraulic Properties of Circular Sewers | p. 17 |
Discharge of Circular Pipes--Flowing Full | p. 18 |
Hydraulic Properties of Clay Pipe | p. 19 |
Relative Carrying Capacities of Clay Pipe at Any Given Slope | p. 19 |
Velocity and Discharge in Sewers and Drainage Pipes (Based on Kutter's Formula, Pipes Flowing Full) | p. 20 |
Friction Loss in Water Piping | p. 24 |
Flow of Water in Ductile-Iron Pipe | p. 25 |
Relationship between Dracy's f and Manning's n for Flow in Pipes | p. 26 |
Equivalent Resistance of Bends, Fittings, and Valves (Length of Straight Pipe in Feet) | p. 27 |
Resistance of Valves and Fittings to Flow of Fluids | p. 28 |
Friction of Water: New Steel Pipe (Based on Darcy's Formula) | p. 29 |
Culverts and Storm Water | p. 1 |
Typical Shapes and Uses of Corrugated Conduits | p. 2 |
Sizes and Layout Details--CSP Pipe Arches | p. 3 |
Sizes and Layout Details--Structural Plate Steel Pipe Arches, 18-Inch Corner Radius | p. 4 |
Sizes and Layout Details--Structural Plate Steel Pipe Arches, 31-Inch Corner Radius | p. 5 |
Structural Plate Steel Underpasses--Sizes and Layout Details | p. 6 |
Representative Sizes of Structural Plate Steel Arches | p. 7 |
Long-Span Pipe Arch Sizes and Layout Details | p. 9 |
Long-span Horizontal Ellipse Pipe Sizes and Layout Details | p. 10 |
Long-Span Low-Profile Arch Pipes Sizes and Layout Details | p. 11 |
Long-Span High-Profile Arch Pipe Sizes and Layout Details | p. 12 |
Long-Span Pear-Shaped Pipe Sizes and Layout Details | p. 13 |
Layout Details for Corrugated Steel Box Culverts--Sizes and Layout Details | p. 14 |
Details of End Sections for 2 2/3-inch [times] 1/2-inch, 3-inch [times] 1-inch, and 5-inch [times] 1-inch Round and Pipe Arch Shapes | p. 16 |
Dimensions of Galvanized Steel End Sections for (a) Round Pipe (2 2/3-inch [times] 1/2-inch, 3-inch [times] 1-inch, and 5-inch [times] 1-inch Corrugations) and (b) Pipe Arch (2 2/3-inch [times] 1/2-inch Corrugations) Shapes | p. 17 |
Culvert Location Factors | p. 18 |
Proper Culvert Grades | p. 21 |
Culvert Length | p. 23 |
Pipe Length for Skewed Culverts | p. 24 |
Headwater Depth for Corrugated Steel Culverts with Inlet Control | p. 25 |
Headwater Depth for Circular Culverts with Beveled Ring Inlet Control | p. 26 |
Headwater Depth for Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch Culverts with Inlet Control | p. 27 |
Headwater Depth for Inlet Control Structural Plate Pipe Arch Culverts | p. 28 |
Head for Standard Corrugated Steel Pipe Culverts--Flowing Full--Outlet Control | p. 30 |
Head for Standard Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch Culverts--Flowing full-Outlet Control | p. 31 |
Head for Structural Plate Corrugated Steel Pipe Culverts--Flowing Full--Outlet Control | p. 32 |
Head for Structural Plate Pipe Arch Culverts, 18-Inch Corner Radius--Flowing Full--Outlet Control | p. 33 |
Hydraulic Elements in Terms of Hydraulics for Full Section--Circular Corrugated Steel Pipe | p. 34 |
Full-Flow Data for Round Pipe | p. 35 |
Hydraulic Properties of Corrugated Steel and Structural Plate Pipe Arches | p. 36 |
Full-Flow Data for Corrugated Steel Pipe Arches | p. 36 |
Full-Flow Data for Structural Steel Pipe Arches [Corrugations, 6 [times] 2 inches; Corner Plates, 9 pi; Radius (R[subscript c]), 18 inches] | p. 37 |
Full-Flow Data for Corrugated Steel Pipe Arches [Corrugations, 6 [times] 2 inches; Corner Plates, 15 pi; Radius (R[subscript c]), 31 inches] | p. 38 |
Comparison of Waterway Cross-Sectional Areas at Equal Depths of Flow in Steel Pipe and Pipe Arch | p. 39 |
Full-Flow Data for Structural Plate Arches | p. 40 |
Hydraulic Data for Long-Span Horizontal Ellipse | p. 42 |
Hydraulic Properties of Long-Span Horizontal Ellipse | p. 43 |
Hydraulic Data for Long-Span Low-Profile Arch | p. 44 |
Hydraulic Properties of Long-Span Low Profile Arch | p. 45 |
Hydraulic Data for Long Span High-Profile Arch | p. 46 |
Hydraulic Properties of Long-Span High-Profile Arch | p. 47 |
Hydraulic Data for Structural Plate Box Culverts | p. 48 |
Hydraulic Properties of Structural Plate Box Culverts | p. 49 |
Formulas for Rectangular and Trapezoidal Channels | p. 49 |
Nomograph for Flow in Triangular Channels | p. 50 |
Time of Concentration for Large Watersheds | p. 51 |
Velocities for Upland Method of Estimating Travel Times for Overland Flow | p. 52 |
Summary of Runoff Estimation Methods | p. 53 |
Chezy Equation | p. 54 |
Manning's Equation | p. 54 |
Nomograph for Solution of Manning's Equation | p. 56 |
Nomograph for Headwater Depth of Box Culverts with Entrance Control | p. 57 |
Manning's n for Natural Stream Channels | p. 58 |
Comparison of Limiting Water Velocities and Tractive Force Values for the Design of Stable Channels | p. 58 |
Maximum Permissible Velocities in Vegetal-Lined Channels | p. 59 |
Channel Protection | p. 60 |
Average Annual Precipitation in United States | p. 61 |
Fifteen-Minute Rainfall (in Inches) Expected Once in (a) 2 Years and (b) 5 Years | p. 62 |
Typical Cross Section of Street with Concrete Curb and Gutter | p. 63 |
Typical Concrete Curb-and-Gutter Section | p. 63 |
Typical Inlet Installation with Concrete Curb and Gutter | p. 64 |
Standard Catch Basin for Storm Sewer | p. 64 |
Flow-Thru Inlet | p. 65 |
Typical Standard Crosswalk "T" Intersection | p. 66 |
Ramp Detail at Radius of Concrete Curb and Gutter | p. 66 |
Typical Driveway Approach in Concrete Curb and Gutter | p. 67 |
Typical Driveway Approach without a Boulevard | p. 67 |
Infiltration and Inflow | p. 1 |
General Description and Definition of Terms | p. 2 |
List of Investigative Methods for Infiltration/Inflow | p. 4 |
Calculation of Infiltration Rate in Pipeline | p. 5 |
Base Infiltration Calculation | p. 6 |
Example of Diurnal Flow Pattern of Wastewater Collection System | p. 7 |
Mini-System of Existing Sanitary Sewer Collection System | p. 8 |
Example of Inflow during Storm Event as Recorded at Key Manhole | p. 9 |
Typical Televising Log of Sewer Main Inspection | p. 10 |
Sanitary Sewer Manhole Illustrating Possible Sources of Infiltration/Inflow | p. 11 |
Typical Sanitary Sewer Lateral Illustrating Possible Sources of Infiltration | p. 12 |
Map of High and Low Groundwater Table Relative to Sanitary Sewer Mains | p. 13 |
Typical Cross-Section of Sanitary Sewer Service Lateral and Groundwater Table | p. 14 |
General Methods to Reduce Infiltration/Inflow | p. 15 |
Typical Manhole Pipe Seal to Prevent Infiltration | p. 16 |
Storage and Fire Protection | p. 1 |
Principal Accessories for an Elevated Storage Tank | p. 2 |
Double Ellipsoidal Elevated Tank | p. 3 |
Pedestal Sphere Elevated Tank | p. 4 |
Hydroped Elevated Tank | p. 5 |
Torospherical Elevated Tank | p. 6 |
Toropillar Elevated Tank | p. 7 |
Hydropillar Elevated Tank | p. 8 |
Hydropillar Elevated Tank (wineglass style) | p. 9 |
Double-Cone Elevated Tank | p. 10 |
Typical Private Fire Service Main | p. 11 |
Arrangement of Supply Piping and Valves | p. 12 |
Straight Pipe Riser | p. 13 |
Wet Pipe Sprinkler Riser with Alarm Check Valve | p. 14 |
Header for Dry Pipe Valves | p. 15 |
Pit for Gate Valve, Check Valve, and Fire Department Connection | p. 16 |
Typical City Water Pit-Valve Arrangement | p. 17 |
Backflow Prevention Device Installed on an Antifreeze System | p. 18 |
Working Plans for Circulating Closed-Loop Systems | p. 19 |
Hydraulic Calculation Example | p. 20 |
Example of a Deluge System | p. 21 |
High-Temperature and Intermediate-Temperature Zones at Unit Heaters | p. 22 |
Canopy for Protecting Sprinklers in Building Service Chutes | p. 23 |
Methods of Flushing Water Supply Connections | p. 24 |
Maintenance Schedule | p. 25 |
Cross-Section View of Subsurface Fire Protection Reservoir | p. 26 |
Pumphouse Details of Subsurface Fire Protection Reservoir | p. 27 |
Miscellaneous Piping Details for Subsurface Fire Protection Reservoir | p. 29 |
Details of Fire Hydrant | p. 31 |
Typical Hydrant Installation | p. 32 |
Dry Fire Hydrant Details | p. 33 |
Well Design Considerations | p. 1 |
Aquifers | p. 2 |
Drilled Wells | p. 2 |
Cross-Section of an Artesian Aquifer | p. 3 |
Typical Gravel Pack Well | p. 4 |
Pump Base with Gravel Pack Refill Piping | p. 5 |
Cross-Section View of Refill Piping | p. 5 |
Well Casing Seated at Top of Rock Layer Centered on Open Drill Hole | p. 6 |
Well Sealing and Grouting | p. 6 |
Cross-Section View of a Typical Sanitary Seal for a Well Using a Submersible Pump with a Below Grade Discharge | p. 7 |
Exploded View of a Typical Sanitary Seal for a Well using a Submersible Pump with Above Grade Discharge | p. 8 |
Wellhead Protection Planning | p. 9 |
Recharge Area | p. 10 |
Zone of Influence | p. 10 |
Groundwater Flow Direction | p. 11 |
Inventory of Existing Potential Contamination Sources | p. 11 |
Establishment of a WHP Area | p. 12 |
Public Education Program | p. 12 |
Water Conservation Program | p. 12 |
Emergency Contingency Plan | p. 13 |
General Management Plan | p. 13 |
Cross-Section through Pumphouse Showing Arrangement of Right Angle Gear Drive for Auxiliary Pumping | p. 14 |
Regulatory Approvals | p. 15 |
Estimating Flows in the Field | p. 1 |
Field Calculations | p. 2 |
Density of Water | p. 2 |
Water Pressure | p. 2 |
Archimedes' Principle | p. 3 |
Pascal's Law | p. 3 |
Continuity of Fluid Flow | p. 3 |
Bernoulli's Law | p. 3 |
Velocity Head | p. 3 |
Orifice Flow | p. 4 |
Friction Loss Flow | p. 4 |
Water Hammer | p. 4 |
Hydraulic Press Principle | p. 5 |
Method of Determining the Depth to Water Level in a Deep Well | p. 5 |
Determination of Total Head from Gauge Readings | p. 7 |
Determination of Total Head of Deep-Well Turbine or Propeller Pump | p. 8 |
Manometer Pressure Calculation Methods | p. 9 |
Approximating Flow from Horizontal Pipes | p. 10 |
Approximating Flow from Vertical Pipes | p. 11 |
Types of Liquid-Level Measuring Devices | p. 12 |
High-Low Level Indicator | p. 13 |
Illustrated Uses of Float Assemblies | p. 14 |
Float Well Sizing | p. 15 |
Typical River Gauging Station | p. 16 |
Details of Recording Station Using Floats | p. 17 |
Details of Float-Operated Flow Meter | p. 18 |
Summary of Discharge Equations for Broad- and Sharp-Crested Weirs | p. 19 |
Flow Test Procedure | p. 20 |
Pitot Tube Design and Use | p. 22 |
Flowing Capacities of Hydrant Nozzles, in Gallons per Minute | p. 23 |
Water Loss versus Pipe Leak Size | p. 25 |
Barrel Testing Method for Infiltration Assessment | p. 26 |
Flooding Basin Test for Infiltration Rates | p. 27 |
Irrigation Table | p. 28 |
Flow Equivalents | p. 29 |
Supplemental data | p. 1 |
Commonly Used Constants | p. 2 |
Conversions, Constants, and Formulas | p. 3 |
Quantity and Velocity Equations | p. 4 |
Values of n for the Manning Formula: q=(1/n)AR[superscript 2/3]S[superscript 1/2] | p. 5 |
Density and Volume of Water | p. 6 |
Conversion Units Chart for Volumetric Flow Rate | p. 7 |
Conversion Units Chart for Force | p. 7 |
Conversion Units Chart for Pressure | p. 8 |
Properties of Water in Metric Units | p. 9 |
Peak Factor | p. 10 |
Surface Drainage Runoff Diagram | p. 11 |
Groundwater Drainage via Subsurface Drain Pipes | p. 12 |
Laser Beam Setup for Laying Pipe to Grade | p. 13 |
Diagram Showing Common Method of Laying Pipe to Line and Grade | p. 14 |
Power Consumed in Pumping 1000 Gallons of Clear Water at 1 Foot Total Head (Various Efficiencies) | p. 15 |
Radius of Curvature and Angle of Deflection for Curvilinear Sewers Using Various Pipe Lengths | p. 16 |
Conveyance Factors (for Pipes 15 Inches and Smaller and Pipes 18 Inches and Larger) | p. 17 |
Capacity Conversions | p. 18 |
Pressure and Head Conversion Chart | p. 20 |
Atmospheric Pressures for Altitude up to 12,000 Feet | p. 21 |
Relation Between Variables in the Hydraulic Jump | p. 22 |
Depth of Flow and Specific Energy for Rectangular Section in Open Channel | p. 23 |
Design of an Overflow Spillway Section | p. 24 |
Basic Principles of Hydraulic Grade Lines (HGLs) in Dynamic Systems | p. 25 |
Typical Map Symbols | p. 26 |
Comparison of Pipe Materials and Joints | p. 27 |
Measurement Conversions | p. 28 |
AWWA Standards | p. 34 |
Index | |
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