Introduction | p. 1 |
Verbal Reasoning | |
How to Answer Verbal Reasoning Questions | p. 13 |
Tips for Improving Your Speed in Answering the Questions | p. 14 |
What Makes a Good Reader | p. 15 |
Types of MCAT Verbal Reasoning Questions | p. 16 |
Verbal Reasoning Sample Exam | p. 23 |
Physical Sciences | |
Chemistry | p. 43 |
Stoichiometry | p. 43 |
Molecular Formulas | p. 43 |
Molecular Weight | p. 43 |
Empirical Formula | p. 44 |
Description of Composition Using Percent Mass | p. 44 |
Metric Units | p. 44 |
The Mole Concept: Avogadro's Number | p. 45 |
Density | p. 47 |
Oxidation and Reduction: Oxidation Numbers | p. 47 |
Chemical Equations: Balancing | p. 48 |
Applying the Mole Concept to Calculations Involving Chemical Reactions | p. 51 |
Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table | p. 55 |
Atoms | p. 55 |
Energy of the Hydrogen Atom | p. 56 |
Quantum Numbers and Their Relationship to Hydrogen Orbitals | p. 59 |
Many-electron Atoms | p. 63 |
The Periodic Table | p. 65 |
Chemical Properties and the Periodic Table | p. 66 |
Bonding | p. 70 |
Three Kinds of Bonding | p. 70 |
Ionic Bonding in Crystals | p. 70 |
Covalent Bonding | p. 70 |
Resonance Structures | p. 71 |
Formal Charge | p. 71 |
Lewis Acids and Bases | p. 72 |
Bonding in Diatomic Molecules | p. 72 |
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) | p. 75 |
Hybrid Orbitals | p. 77 |
Partial Ionic Character of Bonds | p. 78 |
Phases and Phase Equilibrium | p. 81 |
The Gas Phase | p. 81 |
Relationships Among P, V, and T for Ideal Gases | p. 81 |
Non-ideal Gases | p. 84 |
Condensed Phases | p. 84 |
Phase Equilibria | p. 85 |
Colligative Properties | p. 86 |
Solution Chemistry | p. 91 |
Ions in Solution | p. 91 |
Charges on Commonly Encountered Ions | p. 91 |
Solubility | p. 91 |
Solubility Product | p. 93 |
Common Ion Effect | p. 94 |
Selective Precipitation | p. 94 |
Acids and Bases | p. 97 |
Definitions | p. 97 |
Ionization of Water | p. 97 |
Definition of pH | p. 97 |
Conjugate Acids and Bases | p. 98 |
Strong Acids | p. 99 |
Strong Bases | p. 99 |
Strengths of Weak Acids and Bases: K[subscript a] and K[subscript b] | p. 100 |
Classification of Weak Acid/Base Problems | p. 100 |
Properties of Buffer Solutions | p. 105 |
Titration Curves | p. 106 |
Summary of Common Acid/Base Reactions | p. 112 |
Thermodynamics | p. 116 |
Thermochemistry | p. 116 |
Temperature Scales | p. 117 |
First Law of Thermodynamics | p. 117 |
The Equivalence of Different Forms of Energy | p. 117 |
Bond Dissociation Energy | p. 119 |
Measurement of Heat Changes | p. 120 |
Entropy | p. 121 |
Spontaneity--The Interplay of [Delta]H and [Delta]S | p. 122 |
Heat Transfer | p. 123 |
Coefficient of Expansion | p. 123 |
Heats of Fusion and Vaporization | p. 124 |
Kinetics and Equilibrium | p. 127 |
Rate Law | p. 127 |
Determination of Rate Laws From Rate/Concentration Data | p. 127 |
Relation of Reaction Coefficients to Exponents in the Rate Law | p. 128 |
Integrated Rate Laws | p. 128 |
Activation Energy and Temperature-dependence of Rate Constants | p. 132 |
Multistep Reactions | p. 132 |
Kinetic v. Thermodynamic Control of Reactions | p. 134 |
Catalysts | p. 134 |
Relation of Reaction Rates to Equilibrium Constants | p. 135 |
The Relationship of [Delta]G to K[subscript eq] | p. 136 |
Electrochemistry | p. 140 |
Electrolytic Cell | p. 140 |
Faraday's Law | p. 140 |
Galvanic Cell | p. 141 |
Concentration Cell | p. 142 |
Physics | p. 145 |
Units | p. 145 |
Common Unit Systems | p. 145 |
Basic Units | p. 146 |
Derived Units | p. 146 |
Unit Conversion | p. 147 |
Dimensional Analysis | p. 148 |
Vectors | p. 150 |
Properties of Vectors | p. 150 |
Graphical Analysis | p. 150 |
Trigonometric Analysis | p. 152 |
Vector Multiplication | p. 153 |
Motion: Definition of Terms | p. 156 |
Mechanics | p. 156 |
Position | p. 156 |
Motion | p. 157 |
Graphs of Position, Velocity, and Acceleration With Respect to Time | p. 159 |
Motion: Translational and in a Plane | p. 166 |
Translational Motion With Uniform Acceleration | p. 166 |
Motion in a Plane With Uniform Acceleration | p. 168 |
Force and Newton's Laws | p. 176 |
Force | p. 176 |
Newton's First Law of Motion | p. 177 |
Newton's Second Law | p. 177 |
Newton's Third Law | p. 178 |
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation | p. 179 |
Frictional Force | p. 179 |
Equilibrium and Momentum | p. 185 |
Equilibrium | p. 185 |
Momentum | p. 187 |
Work and Energy | p. 192 |
Work and Energy | p. 192 |
Kinetic Energy | p. 194 |
Potential Energy | p. 195 |
The Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy | p. 195 |
Power | p. 196 |
Solids and Fluids | p. 200 |
Phases of Matter | p. 200 |
Solids | p. 202 |
Hydrostatics | p. 206 |
Hydrodynamics | p. 211 |
General Wave Characteristics and Periodic Motion | p. 218 |
Waves: General Description | p. 218 |
Periodic Motion | p. 223 |
Mechanical Waves: Acoustic Phenomena | p. 233 |
Sound Waves | p. 233 |
Characteristics of Sound | p. 234 |
Properties of Sound | p. 236 |
Music | p. 239 |
Waves: Light and Optics | p. 245 |
Electromagnetic Radiation | p. 245 |
The Visual Spectrum | p. 247 |
Reflection | p. 249 |
Refraction | p. 254 |
Optical Lens | p. 256 |
Electrostatics | p. 262 |
Electric Charge | p. 262 |
The Law of Conservation of Charge | p. 263 |
Electrostatics | p. 263 |
Electric Circuits | p. 271 |
Current | p. 271 |
Resistance | p. 272 |
Voltage | p. 273 |
Ohm's Law | p. 275 |
Circuit Diagram | p. 275 |
Capacitor | p. 277 |
Electric Work, Power, and Energy | p. 279 |
Alternating Current | p. 279 |
Atomic and Nuclear Structure | p. 283 |
Structure of the Nucleus | p. 283 |
Nuclear Properties | p. 285 |
Physical Sciences Sample Exam | p. 291 |
Writing Sample | |
Writing Skills Review | p. 309 |
Basic Skills | p. 309 |
Writing for Quantity | p. 309 |
Writing for Quality | p. 310 |
Writing Effectively | p. 310 |
Practice Writing for the MCAT | p. 312 |
Developing the Topic | p. 312 |
How to Divide the 30 Minutes | p. 312 |
Review of Essay Form | p. 312 |
Essay Structure | p. 313 |
Proofreading Your Essay | p. 313 |
A Quick Review of Grammar | p. 314 |
Punctuation Rules | p. 314 |
Sentence Fragments | p. 317 |
Run-on Sentences | p. 317 |
Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement | p. 317 |
Errors in Verb Tenses | p. 318 |
Pronoun Usage | p. 319 |
Sample Student Essays | p. 321 |
Scoring the MCAT Essay | p. 321 |
Student Responses to Statement 1 | p. 323 |
Essay 1 | p. 323 |
Explanation of Essay 1 | p. 323 |
Essay 2 | p. 324 |
Explanation of Essay 2 | p. 324 |
Student Responses to Statement 2 | p. 326 |
Essay 1 | p. 326 |
Explanation of Essay 1 | p. 326 |
Essay 2 | p. 327 |
Explanation of Essay 2 | p. 327 |
Student Responses to Statement 3 | p. 328 |
Essay 1 | p. 328 |
Explanation of Essay 1 | p. 328 |
Essay 2 | p. 329 |
Explanation of Essay 2 | p. 329 |
Student Responses to Statement 4 | p. 330 |
Essay 1 | p. 330 |
Explanation of Essay 1 | p. 330 |
Essay 2 | p. 331 |
Explanation of Essay 2 | p. 332 |
Writing Sample Practice Exam | p. 333 |
Sample Statement 1 | p. 333 |
Sample Statement 2 | p. 333 |
References | p. 334 |
Biological Sciences | |
Biology | p. 337 |
Molecular Biology | p. 337 |
Biological Molecules | p. 337 |
Proteins as Enzymes | p. 341 |
Cellular Metabolism | p. 343 |
Nucleic Acids and Protein Samples | p. 347 |
Cellular Biology | p. 356 |
Eukaryotic Cells and Their Organelles | p. 356 |
The Cell Membrane and Transport Mechanisms | p. 357 |
Cell Reproduction (Mitosis) | p. 359 |
Eukaryotic Tissues | p. 360 |
Microbiology | p. 366 |
Prokaryotic Cells: Bacteria | p. 366 |
Viruses | p. 369 |
Fungi | p. 370 |
Vertebrate Organ Systems | p. 373 |
Integumentary System | p. 373 |
Skeletal System | p. 374 |
Muscle System | p. 376 |
Nervous System | p. 380 |
Sensory Systems | p. 387 |
Endocrine System | p. 390 |
Circulatory System (Cardiovascular System) | p. 396 |
The Lymphatic System and Immunity | p. 399 |
Respiratory System | p. 401 |
Digestive System | p. 405 |
Excretory System | p. 409 |
Reproductive System | p. 415 |
Embryology and Development | p. 419 |
Genetics and Evolution | p. 425 |
Genetics | p. 425 |
Evolution | p. 428 |
Organic Chemistry | p. 435 |
Molecular Structure of Organic Molecules | p. 435 |
Sigma and Pi Bonds | p. 435 |
Multiple Bonding | p. 438 |
Stereochemistry of Covalently Bonded Molecules | p. 438 |
Hydrocarbons | p. 444 |
Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes) | p. 444 |
Unsaturated Compounds (Alkenes) | p. 445 |
Aromatic Compounds | p. 447 |
Oxygen-Containing Compounds | p. 449 |
Alcohols | p. 449 |
Aldehydes and Ketones | p. 452 |
Carboxylic Acids | p. 456 |
Common Acid Derivatives | p. 459 |
Ethers | p. 461 |
Phenols | p. 462 |
Amines | p. 463 |
Description | p. 463 |
General Principles | p. 464 |
Major Reactions | p. 465 |
Quaternary Ammonium Salts | p. 466 |
Biological Molecules | p. 467 |
Amino Acids and Proteins | p. 467 |
Carbohydrates | p. 471 |
Lipids | p. 474 |
Phosphorous Compounds | p. 476 |
Use of Spectroscopy in Structural Identification | p. 477 |
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance | p. 477 |
Infrared Spectroscopy | p. 479 |
Separations and Purifications | p. 482 |
Distillation | p. 482 |
Crystallization | p. 483 |
Extraction | p. 483 |
Chromatography | p. 484 |
Biological Sciences Sample Exam | p. 487 |
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