| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Plato and the Trial of Socrates | |
| |
| |
| Euthyphro | |
| |
| |
| The Apology, Phaedo, and Crito | |
| |
| |
| The Value of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Value of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Philosophical Methodologies | |
| |
| |
| Four Approaches to Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Scientific Approach | |
| |
| |
| Philosophy of Religion | |
| |
| |
| The Ontological Argument | |
| |
| |
| The Cosmological Argument | |
| |
| |
| The Teleological Argument | |
| |
| |
| It Is Better to Believe in God's Existence than to Deny It | |
| |
| |
| God's Existence Cannot be Proved | |
| |
| |
| A Good God Would Exclude Evil | |
| |
| |
| God Can Allow Some Evil | |
| |
| |
| Ethics | |
| |
| |
| Man Is Determined | |
| |
| |
| Man Is Free | |
| |
| |
| Ethics Are Relative | |
| |
| |
| Ethics Are Not Relative | |
| |
| |
| Humans Are Always Selfish | |
| |
| |
| Humans Are Not Always Selfish | |
| |
| |
| Happiness Is Living Virtuously | |
| |
| |
| Happiness Is to Do What Is Good for All People | |
| |
| |
| Duty Is Prior to Happiness | |
| |
| |
| Happiness Is Having Power | |
| |
| |
| Existentialist Ethics | |
| |
| |
| Feminist Ethics are Different | |
| |
| |
| Knowledge | |
| |
| |
| Knowledge Is Not Ultimately Sense Knowledge | |
| |
| |
| Knowledge Is Ultimately Sensed | |
| |
| |
| Knowledge Is Both Rational and Empirical | |
| |
| |
| Knowledge Is Ultimately Intuitive | |
| |
| |
| Only the Verifiable is Knowledge | |
| |
| |
| Humans Know Themselves by Their Consciousness | |
| |
| |
| Humans Have No Identical Self | |
| |
| |
| Truth Is Established by Correspondence | |
| |
| |
| Truth Is Established by Coherence | |
| |
| |
| Truth Is Established on Pragmatic Grounds | |
| |
| |
| Cause Means Regular Association | |
| |
| |
| Causes and Becauses | |
| |
| |
| There Are No Possible Grounds for Induction | |
| |
| |
| Metaphysics | |
| |
| |
| Reality Consists of Matter | |
| |
| |
| Reality Consists of Ideas | |
| |
| |
| Universals Are Real | |
| |
| |
| Particulars are Real | |
| |
| |
| Political Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Freedom Comes Through Authority | |
| |
| |
| Freedom Is Democracy and Free Speech Should Be Unlimited | |
| |
| |
| Women Are Not Free | |
| |
| |
| The Abortion Issue: Abortion Is Immoral | |
| |
| |
| Most Abortions Are Moral | |
| |
| |
| The Pornographic Issue: Pornography Is Immoral | |
| |
| |
| Pornography's Critics Have Problems | |
| |
| |
| Which Government Is Best? | |
| |
| |
| Democracy Provides Good Government | |
| |
| |
| Democracy Can Have Serious Problems | |
| |
| |
| Communist Manifesto and Alienated Labor | |
| |
| |
| Aesthetics | |
| |
| |
| Tastes Cannot Be Disputed | |
| |
| |
| Tastes Can Be Disputed | |
| |
| |
| Magic or Amusement | |
| |
| |
| Art Communicates Emotions | |
| |
| |
| The Meaning of Life | |
| |
| |
| Faith Provides Life's Meaning | |
| |
| |
| Each Person Determines His Life's Meaning | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |