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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Emergence of Nanotechnology | |
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| Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches | |
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| Challenges in Nanotechnology | |
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| Scope of the Book | |
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| References | |
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| Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Surface Energy | |
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| Chemical Potential as a Function of Surface Curvature | |
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| Electrostatic Stabilization | |
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| Surface charge density | |
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| Electric potential at the proximity of solid surface | |
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| Van der Waals attraction potential | |
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| Interactions between two particles: DLVO theory | |
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| Steric Stabilization | |
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| Solvent and polymer | |
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| Interactions between polymer layers | |
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| Mixed steric and electric interactions | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Zero-Dimensional Nanostructures: Nanoparticles | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Nanoparticles Through Homogeneous Nucleation | |
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| Fundamentals of homogeneous nucleation | |
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| Subsequent growth of nuclei | |
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| Growth controlled by diffusion | |
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| Growth controlled by surface process | |
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| Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles | |
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| Influences of reduction reagents | |
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| Influences by other factors | |
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| Influences of polymer stabilizer | |
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| Synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles | |
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| Synthesis of oxide nanoparticles | |
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| Introduction to sol-gel processing | |
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| Forced hydrolysis | |
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| Controlled release of ions | |
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| Vapor phase reactions | |
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| Solid-state phase segregation | |
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| Nanoparticles Through Heterogeneous Nucleation | |
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| Fundamentals of heterogeneous nucleation | |
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| Synthesis of nanoparticles | |
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| Kinetically Confined Synthesis of Nanoparticles | |
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| Synthesis inside micelles or using microemulsions | |
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| Aerosol synthesis | |
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| Growth termination | |
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| Spray pyrolysis | |
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| Template-based synthesis | |
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| Epitaxial Core-Shell Nanoparticles | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Nanowires and Nanorods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Spontaneous Growth | |
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| Evaporation (dissolution)-condensation growth | |
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| Fundamentals of evaporation (dissolution)-condensation growth | |
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| Evaporation-condensation growth | |
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| Dissolution-condensation growth | |
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| Vapor (or solution)-liquid-solid (VLS or SLS) growth | |
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| Fundamental aspects of VLS and SLS growth | |
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| VLS growth of various nanowires | |
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| Control of the size of nanowires | |
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| Precursors and catalysts | |
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| Solution-liquid-solid growth | |
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| Stress-induced recrystallization | |
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| Template-Based Synthesis | |
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| Electrochemical deposition | |
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| Electrophoretic deposition | |
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| Template filling | |
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| Colloidal dispersion filling | |
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| Melt and solution filling | |
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| Chemical vapor deposition | |
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| Deposition by centrifugation | |
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| Converting through chemical reactions | |
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| Electrospinning | |
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| Lithography | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Two-Dimensional Nanostructures: Thin Films | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fundamentals of Film Growth | |
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| Vacuum Science | |
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| Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) | |
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| Evaporation | |
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| Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) | |
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| Sputtering | |
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| Comparison of evaporation and sputtering | |
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| Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) | |
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| Typical chemical reactions | |
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| Reaction kinetics | |
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| Transport phenomena | |
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| CVD methods | |
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| Diamond films by CVD | |
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| Atomic Layer Deposition | |
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| Superlattices | |
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| Self-Assembly | |
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| Monolayers of organosilicon or alkylsilane derivatives | |
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| Monolayers of alkanethiols and sulfides | |
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| Monolayers of carboxylic acids, amines, and alcohols | |
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| Langmuir-Blodgett Films | |
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| Electrochemical Deposition | |
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| Sol-Gel Films | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Special Nanomaterials | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Carbon Fullerenes and Nanotubes | |
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| Carbon fullerenes | |
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| Fullerene-derived crystals | |
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| Carbon nanotubes | |
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| Micro and Mesoporous Materials | |
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| Ordered mesoporous structures | |
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| Random mesoporous structures | |
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| Crystalline microporous materials: Zeolites | |
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| Core-Shell Structures | |
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| Metal-oxide structures | |
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| Metal-polymer structures | |
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| Oxide-polymer nanostructures | |
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| Organic-Inorganic Hybrids | |
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| Class 1 hybrids | |
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| Class 2 hybrids | |
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| Intercalation Compounds | |
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| Nanocomposites and Nanograined Materials | |
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| Inverse Opals | |
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| Bio-Induced Nanomaterials | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Nanostructures Fabricated by Physical Techniques | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Lithography | |
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| Photolithography | |
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| Phase-shifting photolithography | |
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| Electron beam lithography | |
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| X-ray lithography | |
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| Focused ion beam (FIB) lithography | |
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| Neutral atomic beam lithography | |
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| Nanomanipulation and Nanolithography | |
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| Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) | |
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| Atomic force microscopy (AFM) | |
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| Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) | |
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| Nanomanipulation | |
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| Nanolithography | |
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| Soft Lithography | |
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| Microcontact printing | |
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| Molding | |
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| Nanoimprint | |
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| Dip-pen nanolithography | |
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| Assembly of Nanoparticles and Nanowires | |
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| Capillary forces | |
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| Dispersion interactions | |
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| Shear-force-assisted assembly | |
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| Electric-field-assisted assembly | |
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| Covalently linked assembly | |
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| Gravitational-field-assisted assembly | |
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| Template-assisted assembly | |
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| Other Methods for Microfabrication | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Characterization and Properties of Nanomaterials | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Structural Characterization | |
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| X-ray diffraction (XRD) | |
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| Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) | |
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| Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) | |
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| Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) | |
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| Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) | |
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| Gas adsorption | |
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| Chemical Characterization | |
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| Optical spectroscopy | |
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| Electron spectroscopy | |
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| Ion spectrometry | |
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| Physical Properties of Nanomaterials | |
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| Melting points and lattice constants | |
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| Mechanical properties | |
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| Optical properties | |
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| Surface plasmon resonance | |
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| Quantum size effects | |
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| Electrical conductivity | |
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| Surface scattering | |
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| Change of electronic structure | |
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| Quantum transport | |
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| Effect of microstructure | |
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| Ferroelectrics and dielectrics | |
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| Superparamagnetism | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Applications of Nanomaterials | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Molecular Electronics and Nanoelectronics | |
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| Nanobots | |
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| Biological Applications of Nanoparticles | |
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| Catalysis by Gold Nanoparticles | |
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| Bandgap Engineered Quantum Devices | |
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| Quantum well devices | |
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| Quantum dot devices | |
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| Nanomechanics | |
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| Carbon Nanotube Emitters | |
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| Energy Applications of Nanomaterials | |
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| Photoelectrochemical cells | |
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| Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries | |
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| Hydrogen storage | |
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| Thermoelectrics | |
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| Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials | |
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| Photonic Crystals and Plasmon Waveguides | |
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| Photonic crystals | |
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| Plasmon waveguides | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Index | |