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Preface | |
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Equilibrium Electrochemistry and the Nernst Equation | |
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Chemical Equilibrium | |
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Electrochemical Equilibrium: Introduction | |
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Electrochemical Equilibrium: Electron Transfer at the Solution-Electrode Interface | |
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Electrochemical Equilibrium: The Nernst Equation | |
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Walther Hermann Nernst | |
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Reference Electrodes and the Measurement of Electrode Potentials | |
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The Hydrogen Electrode as a Reference Electrode | |
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Standard Electrode Potentials and Formal Potentials | |
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Formal Potentials and Experimental Voltammetry | |
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Electrode Processes: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics | |
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Electrode Kinetics | |
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Currents and Reaction Fluxes | |
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Studying Electrode Kinetics Requires Three Electrodes | |
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Butler-Volmer Kinetics | |
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Standard Electrochemical Rate Constants and Formal Potentials | |
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The Need for Supporting Electrolyte | |
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The Tafel Law | |
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Julius Tafel | |
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Multistep Electron Transfer Processes | |
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Tafel Analysis and the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction | |
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B. Stanley Pons | |
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Cold Fusion - The Musical! | |
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Why Are Some Standard Electrochemical Rate Constants Large but Others Slow? The Marcus Theory of Electron Transfer: An Introduction | |
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Marcus Theory: Taking it Further. Inner and Outer Sphere Electron Transfer | |
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Marcus Theory: Taking it Further. Adiabatic and Non-Adiabatic Reactions | |
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Marcus Theory: Taking it Further. Calculating the Gibbs Energy of Activation | |
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Relationship between Marcus Theory and Butler-Volmer Kinetics | |
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Marcus Theory and Experiment. Success! | |
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Diffusion | |
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Fick's 1st Law of Diffusion | |
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Fick's 2nd Law of Diffusion | |
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The Molecular Basis of Fick's Laws | |
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How Did Fick Discover His Laws? | |
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The Cottrell Equation: Solving Fick's 2nd Law | |
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The Cottrell Problem: The Case of Unequal Diffusion Coefficients | |
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The Nernst Diffusion Layer | |
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Mass Transfer vs. Electrode Kinetics: Steady-State Current-Voltage Waveshapes | |
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Mass Transport Corrected Tafel Relationships | |
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Cyclic Voltammetry at Macroelectrodes | |
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Cyclic Voltammetry: The Experiment | |
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Cyclic Voltammetry: Solving the Transport Equations | |
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Cyclic Voltammetry: Reversible and Irreversible Kinetics | |
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What Dictates 'Reversible' and 'Irreversible' Behaviour? | |
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Reversible and Irreversible Behaviour: The Effect of Voltage Scan Rate | |
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Reversible versus Irreversible Voltammetry: A Summary | |
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The Measurement of Cyclic Voltammograms: Three Practical Considerations | |
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The Effect of Unequal Diffusion Coefficients, D<sub>A</sub> ≠ D<sub>B</sub> | |
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Multiple Electron Transfer: Reversible Electrode Kinetics | |
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Multiple Electron Transfer: Irreversible Electrode Kinetics | |
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The Influence of pH on Cyclic Voltammetry | |
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The Scheme of Squares | |
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Simultaneous Two-Electron Transfer in Electrode Kinetics? | |
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Voltammetry at Microelectrodes | |
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The Cottrell Equation for a Spherical or Hemispherical Electrode | |
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Potential Step Transients at Microdisc Electrodes | |
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Microelectrodes Have Large Current Densities and Fast Response Times | |
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Applications of Potential Step Chronoamperometry Using Microdisc Electrodes | |
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Double Potential Step Microdisc Chronoamperometry Exploring the Diffusion Coefficient of Electrogenerated Species | |
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Cyclic and Linear Sweep Voltammetry Using Microdisc Electrodes | |
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Steady-State Voltammetry at the Microdisc Electrode | |
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Microelectrodes versus Macroelectrodes | |
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Ultrafast Cyclic Voltammetry: Megavolts per Second Scan Rates | |
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Ultrasmall Electrodes: Working at the Nanoscale | |
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Voltammetry at Heterogeneous Surfaces | |
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Partially Blocked Electrodes | |
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Microelectrode Arrays | |
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Voltammetry at Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite Electrodes | |
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Electrochemically Heterogeneous Electrodes | |
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Electrodes Covered with Porous Films | |
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Voltammetric Particle Sizing | |
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Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) | |
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Cyclic Voltammetry: Coupled Homogeneous Kinetics and Adsorption | |
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Homogeneous Coupled Reactions: Notation and Examples | |
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Modifying Fick's Second Law to Allow for Chemical Reaction | |
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Cyclic Voltammetry and the EC Reaction | |
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How Do the Parameters K<sub>1</sub> and ∧ Emerge? | |
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Cyclic Voltammetry and the EC<sub>2</sub> Reaction | |
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Examples of EC and EC<sub>2</sub> Processes | |
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ECE Processes | |
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ECE versus DISP | |
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The CE Mechanism | |
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The EC' (Catalytic) Mechanism | |
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Adsorption | |
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Voltammetric Studies of Droplets and Solid Particles | |
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Hydrodynamic Electrodes | |
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Convection | |
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Modifying Fick's Laws to Allow for Convection | |
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The Rotating Disc Electrode: An Introduction | |
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The Rotating Disc Electrode - Theory | |
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Osborne Reynolds (1842-1912) | |
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The Rotating Disc Electrode - Further Theory | |
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Chronoamperometry at the Rotating Disc Electrode: An Illustration of the Value of Simulation | |
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The Rotating Disc and Coupled Homogeneous Kinetics | |
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The Channel Electrode: An Introduction | |
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The Channel Electrode: The Levich Equation Derived | |
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Channel Flow Cells and Coupled Homogeneous Kinetics | |
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Chronoamperometry at the Channel Electrode | |
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The Channel Electrode is not 'Uniformly Accessible' | |
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Channel Microelectrodes | |
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Channel Microband Electrode Arrays for Mechanistic Electrochemistry | |
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The High Speed Channel Electrode | |
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Hydrodynamic Electrodes Based on Impinging jets | |
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Sonovoltammetry | |
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Voltammetry for Electroanalysis | |
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Potential Step Voltammetric Techniques | |
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Differential Pulse Voltammetry | |
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Square Wave Voltammetry | |
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Stripping Voltammetry | |
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Sono-electroanalysis | |
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Voltammetry in Weakly Supported Media: Migration and Other Effects | |
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Potentials and Fields in Fully Supported Voltammetry | |
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The Distribution of Ions Around a Charged Electrode | |
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The Electrode-Solution Interface: Beyond the Gouy-Chapman Theory | |
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Double Layer Effect on Electrode Kinetics: Frumkin Effects | |
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A.N. Frumkin | |
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Transport by Diffusion and by Migration | |
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Measurement of Ion Mobilities | |
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Liquid Junction Potentials | |
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Chronoamperometry and Cyclic Voltammetry in Weakly Supported Media | |
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Voltammetry at the Nanoscale | |
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Transport to Particles Supported on an Electrode | |
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Nanoparticle Voltammetry: The Transport Changes as the Electrode Shrinks in Size | |
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Altered Chemistry at the Nanoscale | |
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Appendix: Simulation of Electrode Processes | |
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Fick's First and Second Laws | |
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Boundary Conditions | |
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Finite Difference Equations | |
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Backward Implicit Method | |
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Conclusion | |
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Index | |