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| List of Figures and Tables | |
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| Editorial Advisory Board | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introductions and Examples | |
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| Information Behavior: An Introduction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A Bit of Vocabulary | |
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| Emphasizing People Rather Than Systems | |
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| Ten Myths About Information and Information Seeking | |
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| When, Why, and Where Information Behavior has been Studied | |
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| The Contexts in Which Information Behavior Is Investigated | |
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| The Scope of "Information Behavior" | |
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| How This Book Is Organized, and How to Use It | |
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| Organization of the Chapters | |
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| Which Chapters to Read If... | |
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| Common Examples of Information Behavior | |
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| Six Information Seeking Scenarios | |
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| Buying Products | |
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| Finding Information in a Library | |
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| Healing a Patient | |
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| Betting on Race Horses | |
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| Finding the Law | |
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| "I Want to Know More about Cancer" | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended for Further Reading | |
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| Concepts Relevant to Information Behavior | |
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| The Concept of Information | |
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| Searching for a Definition of Information | |
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| Explicating "Information" | |
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| The Concept of Information | |
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| Typologies of Information Concepts | |
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| Definitions of Information and their Problems | |
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| The Influential and Restrictive "Information Theory" | |
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| Five Problematic Issues in Defining Information | |
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| Utility as a Requirement | |
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| Physicality as a Requirement | |
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| Structure/Process as a Requirement | |
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| Intentionality as a Requirement | |
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| Truth as a Requirement | |
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| Must there be a Universal Definition of Information? | |
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| Distinctions among Information, Knowledge, and Data | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended for Further Reading | |
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| Information Needs and Information Seeking | |
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| The Motivational Puzzle | |
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| What Is a "Need?" | |
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| Needs versus Demands | |
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| Four Scholars Ponder Information Needs | |
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| Seeking Answers | |
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| Reducing Uncertainty | |
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| Making Sense | |
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| The Spectrum of Motivations | |
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| The Trouble with Information Needs | |
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| Information Seeking and Information Behavior | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended for Further Reading | |
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| Related Concepts | |
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| Decision Making | |
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| Making Decisions | |
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| Solving Problems | |
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| Browsing, Etc. | |
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| Browsing, Scanning, Encountering, and Serendipity | |
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| Additional Distinctions | |
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| Relevance, Pertinence, and Salience | |
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| Relevance and Pertinence | |
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| Relevance in Information Retrieval | |
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| Salience | |
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| Avoiding Information | |
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| Selective Exposure and Information Avoidance | |
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| Knowledge Gaps and Information Poverty | |
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| Information Overload and Anxiety | |
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| Information versus Entertainment | |
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| Sharing and Collaboration | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended for Further Reading | |
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| Models, Paradigms, and Theories in the Study of Information Behavior | |
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| Models of Information Behavior | |
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| Models | |
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| What is a Model? | |
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| Models of Information Seeking | |
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| Examples of Information Seeking Models | |
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| The First Wilson Model | |
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| The Krikelas Model | |
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| The Ellis Model | |
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| The Kuhlthau Model | |
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| The Leckie Model | |
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| The Bystr�m and J�rvelin Model | |
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| The Savolainen Model | |
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| The Johnson Model | |
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| The Second Wilson Model | |
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| Comparing the Models | |
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| Additional Models | |
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| Recommend for Further Reading | |
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| Metatheories, Paradigms, and Theories | |
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| Metatheories, Perspectives, and Paradigms | |
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| Metatheories and the Great Divide | |
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| Perspectives and Paradigms | |
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| Theories | |
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| What Is a Theory? | |
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| Levels of Theory | |
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| Sources of Theory in Information Seeking | |
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| Objectivist Research Paradigms | |
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| Zipf's Principle of Least Effort and Cost-Benefit | |
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| Uses and Gratifications and Expectancy Theory | |
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| Uncertainty Management Theory, etc. | |
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| Other Objectivist Theories | |
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| Interpretivist Research Paradigms | |
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| Constructivist, Activity Theory, and Sense-making | |
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| Social Constructionism and Discourse Analysis | |
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| Phenomenology | |
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| Other Interpretivist Paradigms | |
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| Mapping the Theoretical Influences on Authors | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended for Further Reading | |
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| Methods for Studying Information Behavior | |
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| The Research Process | |
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| Relating Theory to Methodology | |
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| Why We Need Methods | |
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| Techniques of Measurement and Analysis | |
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| Basic Considerations in Research | |
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| Stages of Research | |
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| Induction and Deduction | |
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| Validity and Reliability | |
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| Purpose, Units, and Time | |
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| Ethics in Research | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended for Further Reading | |
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| Methods: Examples by Type | |
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| Types and Examples of Methods | |
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| The Case Study: Analyzing an Analyst | |
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| Laboratory Experiments: Shopping for Cars | |
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| Field Experiments: Reading the Label | |
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| Postal Surveys: Information Needs and Issue Relevance | |
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| E-mail and Web Surveys: Studying Scholars | |
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| Brief Interviews: Studies of Everyday Folks | |
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| Intensive Interviews: The Lives of Janitors and Brothers | |
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| Focus Group Interviews: Doctors and Nurses Search | |
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| Network Analysis: Mongols and Managers | |
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| Discourse Analysis: Repertoires and Practices | |
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| Diaries and Experience Sampling: Incidents and Alarms | |
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| Unobtrusive Approaches: Historical Analysis | |
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| Unobtrusive Approaches: Content Analysis | |
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| Mixed/Multiple Methods | |
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| Meta-Analysis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended for Further Reading | |
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| Research Results and Reflections | |
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| Reviewing the Research: Its History, Size, and Topics | |
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| Overview of Part Five | |
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| The History of Studying Information Behavior | |
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| Estimating the Size of the Literature | |
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| Contexts and Categories | |
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| Choosing Examples of Studies | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended for Further Reading | |
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| Research by Occupation | |
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| By Occupational Category | |
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| Scientists and Engineers | |
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| Social Scientists | |
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| Humanities Scholars | |
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| Health Care Providers | |
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| Managers | |
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| Journalists | |
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| Lawyers | |
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| Farmers | |
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| Other Occupations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended for Further Reading | |
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| Research by Social Role and Demographic Group | |
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| Two Other Ways of Studying People | |
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| By Role | |
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| Citizen or Voter | |
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| Consumer | |
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| Hobbyist | |
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| Gatekeeper | |
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| Patient | |
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| Students | |
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| Other Roles | |
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| By Demographic Group | |
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| Age | |
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| Racial and Ethnolinguistic Minorities | |
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| Socioeconomic Status | |
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| Other Demographic Groups | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended for Further Reading | |
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| Reviewing, Critiquing, Concluding | |
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| Reviewing | |
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| Critiquing | |
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| A History of Complaint | |
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| Other Considerations | |
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| Conclusions and Trends | |
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| Eight Lessons of Information Behavior Research | |
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| Trends and Final Thoughts | |
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| Recommended for Further Reading | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Discussion and Application | |
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| References | |
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| Subject Index | |