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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Why Use R for Your Statistical Work? | |
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| Whom Is This Book For? | |
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| My Own Background | |
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| Getting Started | |
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| How to Run R | |
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| A First R Session | |
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| Introduction to Functions | |
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| Preview of Some Important R Data Structures | |
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| Extended Example: Regression Analysis of Exam Grades | |
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| Startup and Shutdown | |
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| Getting Help | |
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| Vectors | |
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| Scalars, Vectors, Arrays, and Matrices | |
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| Declarations | |
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| Recycling | |
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| Common Vector Operations | |
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| Using all() and any() | |
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| Vectorized Operations | |
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| NA and NULL Values | |
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| Filtering | |
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| A Vectorized if-then-else: The ifelse() Function | |
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| Testing Vector Equality | |
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| Vector Element Names | |
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| More on c() | |
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| Matrices and Arrays | |
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| Creating Matrices | |
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| General Matrix Operations | |
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| Applying Functions to Matrix Rows and Columns | |
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| Adding and Deleting Matrix Rows and Columns | |
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| More on the Vector/Matrix Distinction | |
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| Avoiding Unintended Dimension Reduction | |
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| Naming Matrix Rows and Columns | |
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| Higher-Dimensional Arrays | |
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| Lists | |
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| Creating Lists | |
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| General List Operations | |
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| Accessing List Components and Values | |
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| Applying Functions to Lists | |
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| Recursive Lists | |
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| Data Frames | |
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| Creating Data Frames | |
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| Other Matrix-Like Operations | |
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| Merging Data Frames | |
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| Applying Functions to Data Frames | |
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| Factors and Tables | |
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| Factors and Levels | |
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| Common Functions Used with Factors | |
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| Working with Tables | |
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| Other Factor- and Table-Related Functions | |
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| R Programming Structures | |
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| Control Statements | |
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| Arithmetic and Boolean Operators and Values | |
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| Default Values for Arguments | |
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| Return Values | |
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| Functions Are Objects | |
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| Environment and Scope Issues | |
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| No Pointers in R | |
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| Writing Upstairs | |
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| Recursion | |
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| Replacement Functions | |
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| Tools for Composing Function Code | |
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| Writing Your Own Binary Operations | |
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| Anonymous Functions | |
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| Doing Math and Simulations in R | |
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| Math Functions | |
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| Functions for Statistical Distributions | |
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| Sorting | |
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| Linear Algebra Operations on Vectors and Matrices | |
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| Set Operations | |
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| Simulation Programming in R | |
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| Object-Oriented Programming | |
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| S3 Classes | |
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| S4 Classes | |
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| S3 Versus S4 | |
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| Managing Your Objects | |
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| Input/Output | |
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| Accessing the Keyboard and Monitor | |
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| Reading and Writing Files | |
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| Accessing the Internet | |
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| String Manipulation | |
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| An Overview of String-Manipulation Functions | |
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| Regular Expressions | |
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| Use of String Utilities in the edtdbg Debugging Tool | |
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| Graphics | |
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| Creating Graphs | |
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| Customizing Graphs | |
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| Saving Graphs to Files | |
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| Creating Three-Dimensional Plots | |
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| Debugging | |
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| Fundamental Principles of Debugging | |
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| Why Use a Debugging Tool? | |
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| Using R Debugging Facilities | |
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| Moving Up in the World: More Convenient Debugging Tools | |
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| Ensuring Consistency in Debugging Simulation Code | |
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| Syntax and Runtime Errors | |
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| Running GDB on R Itself | |
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| Performance Enhancement: Speed and Memory | |
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| Writing Fast R Code | |
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| The Dreaded for Loop | |
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| Functional Programming and Memory Issues | |
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| Using Rprof() to Find Slow Spots in Your Code | |
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| Byte Code Compilation | |
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| Oh No, the Data Doesn't Fit into Memory! | |
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| Interfacing R to Other Languages | |
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| Writing C/C++ Functions to Be Called from R | |
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| Using R from Python | |
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| Parallel R | |
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| The Mutual Outlinks Problem | |
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| Introducing the snow Package | |
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| Resorting to C | |
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| General Performance Considerations | |
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| Debugging Parallel R Code; Installing R | |
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| Downloading R from CRAN | |
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| Installing from a Linux Package Manager | |
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| Installing from Source; Installing and Using Packages | |
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| Package Basics | |
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| Loading a Package from Your Hard Drive | |
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| Downloading a Package from the Web | |
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| Listing the Functions in a Package | |
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| Colophon | |