| Acknowledgments | p. ix |
| The Basics | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| Purpose | p. 5 |
| Audience | p. 5 |
| What This Book Is and Isn't | p. 5 |
| How This Book Is Organized | p. 6 |
| How to Use This Book | p. 11 |
| What SAS Software Do You Need? | p. 12 |
| Getting Started | p. 13 |
| Knowing about Your Computer | p. 15 |
| Knowing About SAS Software and Your Computer | p. 17 |
| Getting Started with SAS Software | p. 19 |
| Summary | p. 31 |
| Further Reading | p. 33 |
| Creating SAS Data Sets | p. 35 |
| What Is a Data Set? | p. 37 |
| Understanding the SAS DATA Step | p. 37 |
| Creating the Speeding Ticket DATA Set | p. 45 |
| Printing a Data Set | p. 46 |
| Sorting a Data Set | p. 49 |
| Summaries | p. 51 |
| Advanced Topics | p. 53 |
| Advanced Topics Summaries | p. 66 |
| Further Reading | p. 70 |
| Summarizing Data | p. 73 |
| Levels of Measurement | p. 75 |
| Examining Data for Errors | p. 78 |
| Descriptive Statistics | p. 79 |
| Frequency Tables | p. 88 |
| Bar Charts | p. 92 |
| Exploratory Data Analysis: Simple Plots | p. 108 |
| Using SAS/INSIGHT Software | p. 112 |
| Summaries | p. 118 |
| Further Reading | p. 123 |
| Statistical Background | p. 125 |
| Understanding Some Basic Statistical Concepts | p. 127 |
| Populations and Samples | p. 129 |
| The Normal Distribution | p. 133 |
| Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Methods | p. 137 |
| Testing for Normality | p. 137 |
| Building a Hypothesis Test | p. 149 |
| Statistical and Practical Significance | p. 152 |
| Summaries | p. 156 |
| Further Reading | p. 158 |
| Estimating the Mean | p. 161 |
| Using One Number to Estimate the Mean | p. 163 |
| Effect of Sample Size | p. 163 |
| Effect of Population Variability | p. 166 |
| The Distribution of Sample Averages | p. 168 |
| Confidence Intervals for the Mean | p. 173 |
| Summaries | p. 177 |
| Further Reading | p. 179 |
| Comparing Groups | p. 181 |
| Comparing Two Groups | p. 183 |
| Deciding between Independent and Paired Groups | p. 185 |
| Summarizing Data from Two Independent Groups | p. 185 |
| Summarizing Data from Paired Observations | p. 194 |
| Building Hypothesis Tests to Compare Two Groups | p. 199 |
| Performing the Two-Sample t-test | p. 202 |
| Performing the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test | p. 206 |
| Performing the Paired-Difference t-test | p. 211 |
| Performing the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test | p. 214 |
| Comparing Two Groups by Using PROC INSIGHT | p. 215 |
| Summaries | p. 223 |
| Further Reading | p. 228 |
| Comparing More Than Two Groups | p. 229 |
| Summarizing Data from More Than Two Groups | p. 231 |
| Building a Hypothesis Test to Compare More Than Two Groups | p. 238 |
| Performing a One-Way Analysis of Variance | p. 241 |
| Performing a Kruskal-Wallis Test | p. 247 |
| Multiple Comparison Procedures | p. 250 |
| Comparing More than Two Groups Using PROC INSIGHT | p. 267 |
| Summary | p. 271 |
| Further Reading | p. 276 |
| Fitting Lines to Data | p. 279 |
| Correlation and Regression | p. 281 |
| Creating a Data Set | p. 283 |
| Plotting Two Variables | p. 284 |
| Calculating the Correlation Coefficient | p. 286 |
| Performing Straight-Line Regression | p. 289 |
| Regression with Two or More Independent Variables | p. 306 |
| Fitting Curves | p. 311 |
| Correlation and Regression when Using PROC INSIGHT | p. 318 |
| Summaries | p. 324 |
| Further Reading | p. 333 |
| Basic Regression Diagnostics | p. 335 |
| Diagnostic Tools | p. 337 |
| Characteristics of Residuals | p. 337 |
| Using Plots of Residuals against Predicted Values | p. 341 |
| Finding Out if More Terms Are Needed in a Model | p. 343 |
| Using Plots of Residuals against Independent Variables | p. 346 |
| Checking for Outliers in the Data | p. 353 |
| Residual Plots in Time Sequence | p. 357 |
| Summary of Diagnostics for KILOWATT and ENGINE Data | p. 359 |
| Summaries | p. 361 |
| Further Reading | p. 365 |
| Data in Tables | p. 367 |
| Creating and Analyzing Crosstabulations | p. 369 |
| Creating Tables | p. 371 |
| Testing for Independence between Classification Variables | p. 379 |
| Measures of Association with Ordinal Variables | p. 384 |
| PROC INSIGHT and Crosstabulations | p. 389 |
| Summaries | p. 389 |
| Further Reading | p. 393 |
| Appendices | p. 395 |
| Display Manager Basics | p. 397 |
| Windows in DMS | p. 399 |
| Typing in and Running a SAS Program | p. 401 |
| Printing and Saving Output | p. 405 |
| Troubleshooting | p. 407 |
| Solving Common Program Problems | p. 409 |
| Can't Get SAS Software to Run | p. 409 |
| Received Message about Syntax Error | p. 409 |
| Received Error Message about Invalid Data | p. 410 |
| Formatted Values Incomplete | p. 410 |
| Received "Wrong" Summaries and an Error Message | p. 411 |
| Received One Summary Instead of Several | p. 412 |
| "Wrong" Chart Produced | p. 412 |
| Didn't Get an Analysis of Variance | p. 413 |
| Didn't Get Multiple Comparison Procedures | p. 413 |
| Couldn't Add Variable to Regression | p. 413 |
| Different Regression Results for Same MODEL Statements | p. 414 |
| Table Doesn't Show All Levels of a Variable | p. 414 |
| Additional Information | p. 415 |
| Publications Catalog | p. 417 |
| Consulting Services and Training | p. 417 |
| News Magazine | p. 417 |
| Technical Journal | p. 417 |
| Technical Support | p. 418 |
| SAS Users Group International (SUGI) | p. 418 |
| Licensing SAS Software | p. 418 |
| Syntax Summary | p. 419 |
| Glossary of SAS Terms | p. 425 |
| Index | p. 429 |
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