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Dynamics of the System | |
| |
| |
Problem-to-Theory Application Table | |
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Foreword | |
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| |
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About the Authors | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Preface | |
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| |
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Overview | |
| |
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Overview of Volume I | |
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Organizational Theory | |
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Organizational Paradigms | |
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Overview of Systems Theory | |
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Key Concepts in Systems Theory | |
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| |
Contents of Volume II | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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| |
Conflict in Organizations | |
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Open and Closed Systems | |
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History of the Development of Conflict Theory | |
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Conflict as Structure | |
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Conflict as Process | |
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| |
Social Constructionist Perspectives on Conflict | |
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| |
Postmodern Perspectives on Conflict | |
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| |
Gender Issues in Conflict Management | |
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| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
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| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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| |
Power and Politics in Higher Education Organizations | |
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Some Definitions: Power, Authority, and Politics | |
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Power and Rationality | |
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Organizational Versus Personal Determinants of Power | |
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Organizational Determinants of Power | |
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Horizontal Power: Strategic Contingencies Theory | |
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Vertical Power: Partisans and Authorities | |
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Personal Power | |
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Social Constructionist Perspectives on Power | |
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| |
Empowerment | |
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| |
Marxist and Postmodern Alternatives | |
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Power, Politics, and Unions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Case Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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| |
| |
Organizational Decision Making | |
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| |
Decision Making as a Process | |
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Decision Making as Structure | |
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Participation Theories | |
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Risky Shift, Polarization, and Social Loafing in Group Decision Making | |
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| |
Social Constructionist Perspectives on Group Decision Making | |
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Summary | |
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| |
Review Questions | |
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Case Discussion Questions | |
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| |
References | |
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| |
Individual Decision Making | |
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| |
Garbage Can Model | |
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| |
Decisions as Role Playing | |
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| |
Decisions as Personality Manifestations | |
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| |
Decisions and Information Utilization | |
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Risk and Uncertainty: The Gambling Metaphor | |
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Decision Trees | |
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Non-Decision Making | |
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| |
Postmodern Perspectives on Individual Decision Making | |
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| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
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| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
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| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizational Learning | |
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| |
Conceptualizations of Organizational Learning | |
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Processes and Stages of Organizational Learning | |
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| |
Linking Individual and Organizational Learning | |
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| |
Cultural Conceptualizations of Organizational Learning | |
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| |
Dialectical Perspectives on Cultural Learning | |
| |
| |
Postmodern Interpretations of Organizational Learning | |
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| |
Contingencies Governing the Use of Alternative Learning Models | |
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| |
The Learning Organization | |
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| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
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Case Discussion Questions | |
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| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizational Strategy | |
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Strategy and the External Environment | |
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| |
The Linear Model of Strategy | |
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| |
The Adaptive Model of Strategy | |
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| |
The Emergent Model of Strategy | |
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| |
The Symbolic Model of Strategy | |
| |
| |
Postmodern Models of Strategy | |
| |
| |
Curriculum as Strategy: Application of the Five Models | |
| |
| |
Heuristics for Choosing a Model of Strategy | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
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| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizational Goals, Effectiveness, and Efficiency | |
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| |
Conceptualizations of Effectiveness and Efficency | |
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| |
| |
The Goal Model | |
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| |
The System Resource Model | |
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| |
| |
The Internal Process Model | |
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| |
Strategic Constituencies Model | |
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| |
| |
Phase Models | |
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| |
Fit Models | |
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| |
| |
Competing Values Model | |
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| |
| |
Quality Model | |
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| |
| |
Other Models of Effectiveness | |
| |
| |
The Social Construction Model of Organizational Effectiveness | |
| |
| |
Postmodern Perspectives on Effectiveness | |
| |
| |
Organizational Efficiency | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizational Change in Higher Education | |
| |
| |
Defining Change | |
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| |
Planned Change Models | |
| |
| |
Emergent Change Framework | |
| |
| |
Synthesis of the Change Models | |
| |
| |
Contingency Framework for Change | |
| |
| |
Postmodern and Critical Perspectives on Change | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Leadership | |
| |
| |
Defining Leadership | |
| |
| |
A History of the Study of Leadership | |
| |
| |
Idiographic Leadership Theories | |
| |
| |
Nomothetic Approaches to Understanding Leadership | |
| |
| |
Behaviorist Theories of Leadership | |
| |
| |
Interactive Theories of Leadership | |
| |
| |
Matching Traits, Contingencies, and Behaviors for Effective Leadership | |
| |
| |
Other Approaches to Leadership | |
| |
| |
Social Construction and Leadership | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
The End and the Beginning: Fresh Thoughts About Organizational Theory and Higher Education | |
| |
| |
Purposes of the Book-A Reprise | |
| |
| |
The Complexity of Higher Education | |
| |
| |
Perspectives of and Challenges to the Postmodern Paradigm | |
| |
| |
The Contributions of Social Constructionist Theory | |
| |
| |
Emerging Organizational Challenges in Higher Education | |
| |
| |
Conclusions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Subject Index | |
| |
| |
Author Index | |
| |
| |
| |
The State of the System | |
| |
| |
Problem-to-Theory Application Table | |
| |
| |
Foreword | |
| |
| |
| |
About the Authors | |
| |
| |
Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
The Application of Organizational Theory to Colleges and Universities | |
| |
| |
Colleges and Universities as Complex Organizations | |
| |
| |
Objectives of the Book | |
| |
| |
Theory | |
| |
| |
Organizational Theory | |
| |
| |
Three Perspectives on Organizational Theory | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Colleges and Universities as Complex Organizations | |
| |
| |
Roles and Functions of Colleges and Universities | |
| |
| |
College and University National Organization | |
| |
| |
Internal Organization of Colleges and Universities | |
| |
| |
Budget Making in Academic Institutions | |
| |
| |
Personnel Decisions | |
| |
| |
Tenure and Academic Freedom | |
| |
| |
Student Participation in Decision Making | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Approaches to Organizational Analysis: Three Paradigms | |
| |
| |
Paradigms Defined | |
| |
| |
Approaches to Paradigmatic Use | |
| |
| |
Three Paradigms: An Overview | |
| |
| |
Positivist Paradigm | |
| |
| |
The Social Construction Paradigm | |
| |
| |
Postmodern Perspectives on Organizations | |
| |
| |
Applying the Three Paradigms | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
General and Social Systems Theory | |
| |
| |
History of Systems Theory | |
| |
| |
General Systems Theory | |
| |
| |
Social Systems Theory | |
| |
| |
The Social Systems Model | |
| |
| |
Expanded Social Systems Model | |
| |
| |
Proportionate Contribution of Idiographic versus Nomothetic | |
| |
| |
The "Fit" Between and Among System Components | |
| |
| |
Extensions of Systems Theory: Alternative Paradigms | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizational Environments | |
| |
| |
Systems Theory and Organizational Environments | |
| |
| |
Positivist Theories of Organization-Environment Relations | |
| |
| |
Social Construction Perspectives on Environment | |
| |
| |
Postmodern Perspectives on Environment | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Conceptual Models of Organizational Design | |
| |
| |
A Brief Definition of Organizational Design | |
| |
| |
Description and Overview of This Chapter | |
| |
| |
A Brief Review of a Typical College or University Design | |
| |
| |
Differentiation and Integration: Basic Issues in Organizational Design | |
| |
| |
Alternative Modes of Designing an Organization: Mechanistic and Organic | |
| |
| |
Determinants of Organizational Design | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Bureaucratic Forms and Their Limitations | |
| |
| |
Bureaucratic Structure | |
| |
| |
Centralization, Decentralization, and Participation | |
| |
| |
Common Bureaucratic Forms | |
| |
| |
Social Construction of Organizational Structure | |
| |
| |
Postmodern Views on Organizational Design | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizational Roles | |
| |
| |
Organizational Benefits and Detriments of Precise Role Definition | |
| |
| |
Role Theory in Organizations | |
| |
| |
Roles as Functional Positions in Bureaucracies | |
| |
| |
Role as Expected Behavior | |
| |
| |
Social Construction Conceptualizations of Roles | |
| |
| |
Postmodern and Feminist Perspectives on Roles | |
| |
| |
Role Conflict | |
| |
| |
Role Ambiguity | |
| |
| |
Supplementary Role Concepts | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Motivation in the Higher Education Workplace | |
| |
| |
Need Theories | |
| |
| |
Process Theories | |
| |
| |
Social Construction and Motivation Theory | |
| |
| |
Feminist Theory and Motivation | |
| |
| |
Management and Motivation | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Groups, Teams, and Human Relations | |
| |
| |
A Brief History of Human Relations Theory | |
| |
| |
The Study of Groups | |
| |
| |
Informal Organization | |
| |
| |
Group Norms | |
| |
| |
Teams as Groups | |
| |
| |
Social Construction, Groups, and Teams | |
| |
| |
Postmodern Perspectives on Groups and Teams | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizational Culture | |
| |
| |
Conceptualizations of Culture | |
| |
| |
Schein's Framework | |
| |
| |
Organizational Culture and Organizational Functions | |
| |
| |
Positivist Research on Organizational Culture | |
| |
| |
Cultural Typologies in Higher Education | |
| |
| |
Social Constructionist Perspectives on Organizational Culture | |
| |
| |
Organizational Subcultures | |
| |
| |
Critical and Postmodern Perspectives on Organizational Culture | |
| |
| |
Culture and Difference | |
| |
| |
Using Positivist, Social Constructionist, and Postmodern Approaches | |
| |
| |
Organizational Climate | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Case Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Conclusions: Understanding the Shape of Higher Education | |
| |
| |
| |
Applying Organizational Theory | |
| |
| |
Subject Index | |
| |
| |
Author Index | |