| |
| |
| Dedication | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| About the Author | |
| |
| |
| About the Contributor | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Foreword | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Head | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cranial Nerve Assessment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Olfactory Nerve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Optic Nerve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Oculomotor Nerve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Trochlear Nerve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Trigeminal Nerve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Abducens Nerve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Facial Nerve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Acoustic Nerve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Glossopharyngeal Nerve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vagus Nerve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spinal Accessory Nerve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hypoglossal Nerve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Concussion Grading Scales/Coma Scales | |
| |
| |
| |
| Glasgow Coma Scale | |
| |
| |
| Rancho Levels of Cognitive Functioning | |
| |
| |
| Levels of Consciousness | |
| |
| |
| Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT) | |
| |
| |
| American Academy of Neurology Grading Scale | |
| |
| |
| Cantu Concussion Grading Guidelines | |
| |
| |
| Colorado Medical Society Concussion Rating Guidelines | |
| |
| |
| Torg Concussion Grading Guidelines | |
| |
| |
| University of North Carolina Concussion Grading Scale | |
| |
| |
| |
| Concussion Testing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Romberg Test | |
| |
| |
| Tandem Test | |
| |
| |
| Finger-to-Nose Test | |
| |
| |
| Proprioceptive Finger-to-Nose Test | |
| |
| |
| Serial Seven Test | |
| |
| |
| Past-Pointing Test | |
| |
| |
| Neurological Control Test-Upper Extremity | |
| |
| |
| Neurological Control Test-Lower Extremity | |
| |
| |
| Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) Test | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neuropsychological Tests | |
| |
| |
| Computerized Assessments | |
| |
| |
| ImPACT | |
| |
| |
| HeadMinder | |
| |
| |
| CogSport | |
| |
| |
| Pencil-and-Paper Tests | |
| |
| |
| Standard Assessment of Concussion (SAC) Test | |
| |
| |
| Trail Making Test | |
| |
| |
| Symbol Digit Modalities Test | |
| |
| |
| Stroop Color and Word Test | |
| |
| |
| |
| Special Tests for Central Nervous System Involvement | |
| |
| |
| Hoffmann's Sign | |
| |
| |
| Babinski's Test | |
| |
| |
| Oppenheim's Test | |
| |
| |
| Chvostek's Sign | |
| |
| |
| Weber Test | |
| |
| |
| Rinne Test | |
| |
| |
| Clonus | |
| |
| |
| Decerebrate Posturing | |
| |
| |
| Decorticate Posturing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cervical Spine | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dermatome Testing | |
| |
| |
| Sensory Testing: Light Touch | |
| |
| |
| Sensory Testing: Sharp-Dull | |
| |
| |
| Sensory Testing: Temperature | |
| |
| |
| Sensory Testing: Two-Point Discrimination | |
| |
| |
| |
| Myotome Testing | |
| |
| |
| C1 and C2 Myotome Test | |
| |
| |
| C3 Myotome Test | |
| |
| |
| C4 Myotome Test | |
| |
| |
| C5 Myotome Test | |
| |
| |
| C5/C6 Myotome Test: Elbow Flexion | |
| |
| |
| C6 Myotome Test: Wrist Extension | |
| |
| |
| C7 Myotome Test: Elbow Extension | |
| |
| |
| C7 Myotome Test: Wrist Flexion | |
| |
| |
| C7 Myotome Test: Finger Extension | |
| |
| |
| C8 Myotome Test: Finger Flexion | |
| |
| |
| C8 Myotome Test: Thumb Flexion | |
| |
| |
| C8 Myotome Test: Thumb Extension | |
| |
| |
| T1 Myotome Test: Finger Abduction | |
| |
| |
| T1 Myotome Test: Finger Adduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reflex Testing | |
| |
| |
| Biceps Brachii Reflex (C5 Nerve Root) Testing | |
| |
| |
| Brachioradialis Reflex (C6 Nerve Root) Testing | |
| |
| |
| Triceps Reflex (C7 Nerve Root) Testing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Special Tests for the Cervical Spine | |
| |
| |
| Brachial Plexus Traction Test | |
| |
| |
| Upper Limb Tension Test (ULTT) 1: Median Nerve Bias | |
| |
| |
| ULTT 2: Median, Musculocutaneous, and Axillary Nerve Bias | |
| |
| |
| ULTT 3: Radial Nerve Bias | |
| |
| |
| ULTT 4: Ulnar Nerve Bias | |
| |
| |
| Shoulder Abduction Test | |
| |
| |
| Cervical Compression Test | |
| |
| |
| Spurling's Test | |
| |
| |
| Cervical Distraction Test | |
| |
| |
| Swallowing Test | |
| |
| |
| Tinel's Sign | |
| |
| |
| Valsalva's Maneuver | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thoracic Spine | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dermatome Testing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Myotome Testing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lumbar Spine | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dermatome Testing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Myotome Testing | |
| |
| |
| L1 and L2 Myotome Test | |
| |
| |
| L3 Myotome Test | |
| |
| |
| L4 Myotome Test: Ankle Dorsiflexion | |
| |
| |
| L4 Myotome Test: Ankle Inversion | |
| |
| |
| L5 Myotome Test | |
| |
| |
| S1 Myotome Test: Ankle Plantarflexion | |
| |
| |
| S1 Myotome Test: Ankle Eversion | |
| |
| |
| S2 Myotome Test | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reflex Testing | |
| |
| |
| Patellar Tendon Reflex (L4 Nerve Root) Testing | |
| |
| |
| Achilles Tendon Reflex (S1 Nerve Root) Testing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Special Tests for the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine | |
| |
| |
| Beevor's Sign | |
| |
| |
| Milgram's Test | |
| |
| |
| Brudzinski's Sign | |
| |
| |
| Kernig's Test | |
| |
| |
| Straight Leg Raise Test | |
| |
| |
| Well Straight Leg Raise Test | |
| |
| |
| Quadrant Test | |
| |
| |
| Slump Test | |
| |
| |
| Bowstring Test | |
| |
| |
| Tension Sign | |
| |
| |
| Sitting Root Test | |
| |
| |
| Prone Knee Bending Test | |
| |
| |
| Valsalva's Maneuver | |
| |
| |
| |
| Upper Extremity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Peripheral Nerve Pathology of the Upper Extremity | |
| |
| |
| Axillary Nerve | |
| |
| |
| Long Thoracic Nerve Injury | |
| |
| |
| Cubital Tunnel Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Cubital Fossa Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Radial Tunnel Syndrome/Supinator Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Pronator Teres Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Tunnel of Guyon Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Drop Wrist Deformity | |
| |
| |
| Ape Hand Deformity | |
| |
| |
| Bishop's Hand Deformity | |
| |
| |
| Claw Hand Deformity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Special Tests for the Upper Extremity | |
| |
| |
| Adson's Test | |
| |
| |
| Allen's Test | |
| |
| |
| Military Brace Position | |
| |
| |
| Hyperabduction Syndrome Test | |
| |
| |
| Halstead's Maneuver | |
| |
| |
| Roo's Test | |
| |
| |
| Tinel's Sign at the Elbow | |
| |
| |
| Elbow Flexion Test | |
| |
| |
| Pronator Teres Syndrome Test | |
| |
| |
| Wartenberg's Sign | |
| |
| |
| Phalen's Test | |
| |
| |
| Reverse Phalen's Test | |
| |
| |
| Tinel's Sign at the Wrist | |
| |
| |
| Carpal Compression Test | |
| |
| |
| Pinch Grip Test | |
| |
| |
| Froment's Sign | |
| |
| |
| Egawa's Sign | |
| |
| |
| Wrinkle Test | |
| |
| |
| Ninhydrin Test | |
| |
| |
| Weber's Two-Point Discrimination Test | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lower Extremity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Peripheral Nerve Pathology of the Lower Extremity | |
| |
| |
| Morton's Neuroma | |
| |
| |
| Common Fibular Nerve Injury | |
| |
| |
| Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Anterior Compartment Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Piriformis Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Meralgia Paresthetica | |
| |
| |
| Ilioinguinal Nerve Entrapment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Special Tests for the Lower Extremity | |
| |
| |
| Tinel's Sign for Tarsal Tunnel | |
| |
| |
| Pencil Test | |
| |
| |
| Interdigital Neuroma Test | |
| |
| |
| Duchenne Test | |
| |
| |
| Piriformis Test | |
| |
| |
| Yeoman's Test | |
| |
| |
| Femoral Nerve Traction Test | |
| |
| |
| Index | |