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Reviewers | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Gross Anatomy of the Brain | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Divisions of the Brain | |
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Atlas of the Brain and Brainstem | |
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Review Test | |
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Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid | |
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Objectives | |
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Meninges | |
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Ventricles | |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid | |
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Hydrocephalus | |
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Meningitis | |
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Herniation | |
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Circumventricular Organs | |
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Review Test | |
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Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System | |
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Objectives | |
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Arteries of the Spinal Cord | |
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Venous Drainage of the Spinal Cord | |
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Arteries of the Brain | |
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Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis) | |
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Meningeal Arteries | |
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Veins of the Brain | |
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Venous Dural Sinuses | |
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Angiography | |
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Intracranial Hemorrhage | |
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Review Test | |
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Development of the Nervous System | |
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Objectives | |
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Overview | |
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Development of the Neural Tube | |
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Neural Crest | |
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Placodes | |
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Stages of Neural Tube Development | |
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Spinal Cord (Medulla Spinalis) | |
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Medulla oblongata (Myelencephalon) | |
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Metencephalon | |
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Mesencephalon (Midbrain) | |
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Development of the Diencephalon, Optic Structures, and Hypophysis | |
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Development of the Telencephalon | |
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Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System 71 Review Test | |
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Neurohistology | |
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Objectives | |
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Overview | |
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Neurons | |
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Neuroglia | |
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Nerve Cell Degeneration and Regeneration | |
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Axonal Transport | |
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Capillaries of the Central Nervous System | |
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Sensory Receptors | |
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Review Test | |
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Spinal Cord | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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External Morphology | |
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Internal Morphology | |
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Myotatic Reflex | |
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Review Test | |
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Tracts of the Spinal Cord | |
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Objectives | |
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Ascending Tracts | |
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Descending Tracts | |
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Integrative Pathways | |
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Clinical Correlations | |
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Review Test | |
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Lesions of the Spinal Cord | |
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Objectives | |
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Lower Motor Neuron Lesions | |
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Upper Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNs) | |
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Sensory Pathway Lesions | |
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Peripheral Nervous System Lesions | |
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Combined Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Lesions | |
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Combined Motor and Sensory Lesions | |
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Intervertebral Disk Herniation | |
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Review Test | |
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Brainstem | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Medulla Oblongata (Myelencephalon) | |
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Pons | |
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Mesencephalon (Midbrain) | |
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Corticobulbar (Corticonuclear) Fibers | |
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Review Test | |
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Cranial Nerves | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Nervus Terminalis (NT; Cranial Nerve 0) | |
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Olfactory Nerve (CN I) | |
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Optic Nerve (CN II) | |
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Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) | |
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Trochlear Nerve (CN IV) | |
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Trigeminal Nerve (CNV) | |
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Abducent Nerve (CN VI) | |
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Facial Nerve (CNVII) | |
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII) | |
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Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) | |
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Vagal Nerve (CN X) | |
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Accessory Nerve (CN XI) | |
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Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) | |
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Review Test | |
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Trigeminal System | |
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Objectives | |
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Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) | |
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Ascending Trigeminothalamic Tracts | |
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Trigeminal Sensory Nuclei | |
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Trigeminocerebellar Fibers | |
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Trigeminal Reflexes | |
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Clinical Correlations | |
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Review Test | |
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Lesions of the Brainstem | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Vascular Lesions of the Medulla | |
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Vascular Lesions of the Pons | |
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Lesions of the Midbrain | |
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Acoustic Neuroma (Schwannoma) | |
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Intemuclear Ophthalmoplegia | |
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Jugular Foramen (Vernet) Syndrome | |
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Subclavian Steal Syndrome | |
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Review Test | |
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Diencephalon: Thalamus and Hypothalamus | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction: The Thalamus | |
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Boundaries of the Thalamus | |
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Primary Thalamic Nuclei and their Major Connections | |
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Blood Supply of the Thalamus | |
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Internal Capsule | |
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Blood Supply of the Internal Capsule | |
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Clinical Correlations | |
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Overview: The Hypothalamus | |
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Surface Anatomy of the Hypothalamus | |
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Hypothalamic Regions and Nuclei | |
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Major Hypothalamic Connections | |
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Major Fiber Systems | |
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Functional Considerations | |
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Clinical Correlations | |
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Review Test | |
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Auditory System | |
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Objectives | |
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introduction | |
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Outer, Middle, and Inner Ear | |
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Auditory Pathway | |
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Efferent Cochlear (Olivocochlear) Bundle | |
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Hearing Defects | |
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Tuning Fork Tests | |
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Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (Baer) | |
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Review Test | |
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Vestibular System | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Labyrinth | |
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Vestibular Pathways | |
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Efferent Vestibular Connections | |
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Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus | |
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Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes | |
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Decerebrate and Decorticate Rigidity | |
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Clinical Correlations | |
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Review Test | |
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Visual System | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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The Retina | |
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Visual Pathway | |
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Pupillary Light Reflexes and Pathway | |
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Pupillary Dilation Pathway | |
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The Convergence-Accommodation Reaction | |
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Centers for Ocular Motility | |
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Clinical Correlations | |
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Review Test | |
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Olfactory, Gustatory, and Limbic Systems | |
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Objectives | |
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Olfactory System | |
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Gustatory System | |
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Limbic System | |
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Review Test | |
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Basal Nuclei and the Extrapyramidal Motor System | |
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Objectives | |
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Basal Nuclei | |
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Extrapyramidal Motor System | |
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Review Test | |
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Cerebellum | |
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Objectives | |
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Overview | |
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Major Divisions of the Cerebellum | |
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Cerebellar Cortex | |
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Major Cerebellar Pathways | |
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Cerebellar Dysfunction | |
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Cerebellar Lesions | |
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Review Test | |
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Autonomous Nervous System | |
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Objectives | |
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Overview | |
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Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System | |
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Visceral Afferent Fibers and Pain | |
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Autonomic Innervation of Selected Organs | |
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Clinical Correlations | |
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Review Test | |
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Neurotransmitters and Pathways | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Acetylcholine | |
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Dopamine | |
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Norepinephrine (Noradrenalin) | |
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Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) | |
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Opioid Peptides | |
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Nonopioid Neuropeptides | |
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Amino Acids | |
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Nitric Oxide | |
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Functional and Clinical Correlations | |
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Review Test | |
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Cerebral Cortex | |
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Objectives | |
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Overview | |
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Neocortex | |
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Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex | |
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Cerebral Dominance | |
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Split-Brain Syndrome | |
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Blood Supply to the Major Functional Cortical Areas | |
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Apraxia | |
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Aphasia | |
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Dysprosodies | |
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Review Test | |
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Comprehensive Examination | |
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Appendix: Table of Cranial Nerves | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |