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| A Guided Tour of Ergonomic Design | |
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| About This Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Ergonomic Design? | |
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| Human-Centered Design | |
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| Military Equipment Design | |
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| Ergonomic Criteria | |
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| Models of Human Performance | |
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| Macroergonomics | |
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| Carrots and Sticks | |
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| Trends in Industry That Impact Ergonomic Design | |
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| Organizations and Additional Information on Ergonomic Design | |
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| Ergonomic Methods | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| The Human System | |
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| About This Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Skeletal Subsystem | |
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| The Muscles | |
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| Body Movement | |
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| The Sensory Subsystems | |
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| Support Subsystems | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Design to Fit Tasks, Processes, and People | |
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| About The Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Ergonomic Design Principles | |
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| Visual Graphics of Operations | |
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| Analysis of Tasks and Jobs | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Assessment and Design of the Physical Environment | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Cleanliness, Clutter, and Disorder | |
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| Temperature and Humidity | |
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| Lightening and Illumination | |
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| Noise | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Design of Work Areas, Tools, and Equipment | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Applied Anthropometry | |
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| Design of Work Areas and Stations | |
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| Office Design | |
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| Design of Tools and Equipment | |
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| Protective Equipment for the Operator | |
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| Accommodating Handicapped People | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Methods Improvement & Motion Analysis of Physical Tasks | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Methods Improvement | |
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| Motion and Micromotion Study | |
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| Manual Materials Handling | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Measurement of Human Performance | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Some Probabilistic Assumptions | |
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| Time Study | |
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| Performance Leveling | |
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| Determining Allowances | |
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| Maintaining Standards | |
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| Indirect Performance Measurement | |
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| Criteria Other Than Time | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Predicting Human Performance | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Synthetic Data Systems | |
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| Standard Data Systems | |
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| Cognitive Modeling | |
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| Final Comments | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Measurement of Learning and Forgetting | |
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| About This Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Performance Criteria and Experience Units | |
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| Some Learning Curve Models | |
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| Comparing Alternatives for Learnability | |
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| The Correct Learning Curve Model | |
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| Forgetting Curves | |
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| Final Comments | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Sampling Methods in Industrial Ergonomics | |
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| About This Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Activity Sampling | |
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| Sampling Strategies | |
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| Sequential Bayesian Work Sampling | |
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| Final Comments | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Questionnaires and Interview | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Questionnaire Design | |
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| Interviews | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Simulation in Ergonomic Design | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Essential Elements of Computer Simulation | |
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| Cognitive Simulation | |
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| Operator-in-the-Loop Simulation | |
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| A Simulation Strategy | |
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| Design of Simulation Experiments | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Design for Crew-Team Operations | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Industrial Work Teams | |
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| Simulating Industrial Crews | |
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| Research, Development, and Design Teams | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Ergonomics in Maintenance and Repair | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| System Reliability and Availability | |
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| Maintenance Programs | |
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| Reducing Maintenance Effort | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Ergonomics of Product Quality and Usability | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Quality Management & Customer Driven Design | |
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| Usability Analysis & Testing | |
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| Designed Experiments | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Exercises and Discussion Questions | |
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| Inspection & Quality Control | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Some Common Types of Inspection | |
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| Human Inspection | |
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| Signal Detection Theory (SDT) | |
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| Inspection Economics | |
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| Improvement & Correction Strategies | |
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| Final Comments | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Macroergonomics of Occupational Safety and Health | |
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| About This Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Some Historical Background | |
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| Fundamental Concepts of Industrial Safety and Health | |
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| Contemporary Occupational Health and Safety Management | |
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| Hazards and Control Measures | |
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| Warnings and Safety Programs | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Communication and Display Design | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Communication Theory | |
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| Human Information Processing | |
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| Display Design | |
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| Final Comments | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion Questions and Exercises | |
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| Ergonomics of Control | |
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| About this Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Control Systems | |
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| Manual Control | |
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| Design of Controls | |
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| Fuzzy Control | |
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| Supervisory Control | |
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| Final Comments | |
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| References | |
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| Some Discussion Questions | |
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| Decision Making & Decision Support | |
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| About This Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Classical or Normative Decision Theory | |
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| Behavioral Decision Theory | |
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| Naturalistic Decision Theory | |
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| Group Decision Making | |
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| Decision Support | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Personnel Selection, Placement, and Training | |
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| About the Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Personnel Selection and Placement | |
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| Training | |
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| Job Aids | |
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| Economic Considerations in Training | |
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| Final Comments | |
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| References | |
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| Discussion and Exercise Questions | |
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| Suggested Solutions | |
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| Design for Compensation and Accommodation | |
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| About This Chapter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Job Evaluation | |
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| Measuring Productivity | |
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| Wage Administration | |
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| Job Design for Sub-Populations | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Some Discussion Questions | |
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| Some Exercises | |
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| Solutions to Exercises | |
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| Selling Ergonomics to Management | |
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| Economic Analysis of Projects in Ergonomic Design and Management | |
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| Some Probability Distributions | |
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| Tables of Statistical Distributions | |
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| Some Fundamentals of Statistical Regression and Correlation | |
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| Fundamentals of Analysis of Variance | |