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| The ECG in Acute ST Segment Elevation MI | |
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| ST Segment Elevation MI | |
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| The Importance of ST Segment Deviation | |
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| ST Segment Deviation Score | |
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| ST Segment Deviation Vector | |
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| Determining the Site of Occlusion in the Coronary Artery | |
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| Inferoposterior ST Segment Elevation MI | |
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| Isolated RV ST Segment Elevation MI | |
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| Anterior ST Segment Elevation MI | |
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| Limitations of the ST Deviation Vector Approach in MI Diagnosis | |
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| Risk Stratification | |
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| Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Thrombolytic Therapy | |
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| Recognition of the High-Risk Patient | |
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| Conduction Disturbances in Acute MI | |
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| Diagnosis of MI During Abnormal Ventricular Activation | |
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| ECG Signs of Reperfusion | |
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| ST Segment Changes | |
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| T-Wave Changes | |
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| Ventricular Arrhythmias | |
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| Supraventricular Arrhythmias | |
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| Differential Diagnosis | |
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| Acute Pulmonary Embolism | |
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| Acute Pericarditis | |
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| Aortic Dissection | |
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| Myocarditis | |
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| Pancreatitis and Cholecystitis | |
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| Transient LV Apical Ballooning (Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy) | |
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| Treatment of ST Segment Elevation MI | |
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| Management Relative to Time Interval from Pain to Medical Attention | |
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| ECG Recognition of Non-ST Elevation MI and Unstable Angina | |
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| An Early Invasive Versus A Conservative (Selective Invasive) Approach in Unstable Coronary Artery Disease | |
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| The Value of the ECG in Non-ST Segment Elevation MI and Unstable Angina | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Bradyarrhythmias | |
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| SA Conduction Abnormalities | |
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| Mechanism | |
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| Causes | |
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| Diagnosis | |
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| Type II Second-Degree SA Block (SA Mobitz II) | |
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| Two-To-One SA Block | |
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| Complete SA Block and Sinus Arrest | |
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| Sick Sinus Syndrome | |
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| AV Conduction Disturbances | |
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| Classification of AV Block | |
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| Noninvasive Methods for Determining Site of AV Block | |
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| His Bundle Electrogram | |
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| Prolonged PR Interval | |
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| Second-Degree AV Block | |
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| Type I AV Block (AV Wenckebach) | |
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| Type II (Mobitz II) AV Block | |
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| Two-To-One AV Block | |
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| Complete AV Block (Third-Degree AV Block) | |
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| Paroxysmal AV Block | |
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| Narrow QRS Tachycardia | |
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| Causes of Narrow QRS Tachycardia | |
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| Three Most Common Types of Regular SVT | |
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| Systematic Approach | |
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| Physical Examination During SVT | |
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| Different Types of SVT | |
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| Atrial Tachycardia | |
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| Atrial Flutter | |
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| Atrial Fibrillation | |
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| AV Nodal Reentry Tachycardia | |
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| Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | |
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| Mechanism of Preexcitation | |
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| Concealed Accessory Pathway | |
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| Circus Movement Tachycardia | |
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| Orthodromic Circus Movement Tachycardia with a Rapidly Conducting Accessory Pathway | |
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| Orthodromic Circus Movement Tachycardia with a Slowly Conducting Accessory Pathway | |
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| Systematic Approach to the Patient with a Narrow QRS Tachycardia | |
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| Is AV Block Present? | |
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| Is QRS Alternans Present? | |
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| Where is the P Wave Relative to the QRS? | |
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| What is the Polarity (AXIS) of the P Wave? | |
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| Aberrant Ventricular Conduction, a Helpful Clue | |
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| Systematic Approach to Treatment of Regular SVT | |
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| Vagal Stimulation | |
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| Types of Vagal Maneuvers | |
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| Carotid Sinus Massage | |
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| How to Perform Carotid Sinus Massage | |
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| Effect of Carotid Sinus Massage on SVT | |
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| Emergency Management of Atrial Fibrillation | |
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| Atrial Fibrillation Present Less than 48 Hours | |
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| Recent Onset Atrial Fibrillation: Hemodynamically Unstable | |
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| Atrial Fibrillation Present More than 48 Hours: Hemodynamically Stable | |
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| Atrial Fibrillation Present More than 48 Hours: Hemodynamically Unstable | |
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| Wide QRS Tachycardia | |
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| Causes | |
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| Physical Evaluation for AV Dissociation | |
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| ECG Findings of Value in Differentiating Causes of a Wide QRS Tachycardia | |
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| AV Dissociation | |
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| Configurational Characteristics of the QRS Complex | |
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| RBBB-Shaped QRS Complex | |
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| LBBB-Shaped QRS Complex | |
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| Other Diagnostic Clues | |
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| Three Signs and Symptoms that Cannot Be Used in the Differential Diagnosis of Broad QRS Tachycardia | |
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| Wide QRS Tachycardias in Patients with an Accessory AV Pathway | |
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| Regular Tachycardias | |
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| Irregular Wide QRS Tachycardia: Atrial Fibrillation with Conduction over an Accessory Pathway | |
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| Emergency Treatment of the Wide QRS Tachycardia | |
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| When in Doubt | |
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| When VT is the Diagnosis | |
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| When SVT is the Diagnosis | |
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| Superiority of Procainamide over Lidocaine in VT Outside an Episode of Acute Cardiac Ischemia | |
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| Systematic Approach to Wide QRS Tachycardia | |
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| Follow-Up Care | |
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| Digitalis-Induced Emergencies | |
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| Actions | |
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| Mechanism of Digitalis Toxicity | |
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| Conditions that May Promote Digitalis Toxic Arrhythmias | |
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| Suppressants of Triggered Activity | |
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| St-T Segment Changes During Digitalis Use | |
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| Typical Features of Digitalis Arrhythmias | |
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| Slow Rhythms | |
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| Rapid Rhythms | |
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| Ventricular Bigeminy | |
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| Atrial Fibrillation with Digitalis Toxicity | |
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| Atrial Flutter | |
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| Symptoms of Digitalis Intoxication | |
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| Mortality Rate in Undiagnosed Digitalis Toxicity | |
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| Factors Affecting Dosage Requirements in Patients Taking Digitalis | |
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| Treatment of Digitalis Arrhythmias | |
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| Dangers of Pacing and Carotid Sinus Massage | |
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| A Systematic Evaluation of Patients Taking Digitalis | |
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| Drug-Induced Arrhythmic Emergencies | |
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| Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Arrhythmias | |
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| Afterdepolarizations | |
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| QT Prolongation | |
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| Torsades De Pointes | |
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| Reentry | |
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| Class IC Drug-Related Emergencies | |
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| Drug-Induced Bradycardia | |
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| Potassium-Related Emergencies | |
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| Potassium | |
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| Hyperkalemia | |
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| Hypokalemia | |
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| ECG Recognition of Acute Pulmonary Embolism | |
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| Value of the ECG | |
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| Value of the Echocardiogram | |
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| ECG Findings During the Acute Phase | |
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| ECG During the Subacute Phase | |
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| ECG During the Chronic Phase | |
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| Pathophysiology | |
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| Signs and Symptoms | |
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| Physical Findings | |
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| Incidence | |
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| Differential Diagnosis | |
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| Emergency Treatment | |
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| Prevention | |
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| Hypothermia | |
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| Hypothermia | |
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| Hypothermia Not Caused by Exposure to Cold | |
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| Emergency Decisions in Monogenic Arrhythmic Diseases | |
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| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | |
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| ECG Findings | |
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| Differentiation Between Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Athlete's Heart Syndrome | |
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| Risk Factors for Sudden Death | |
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| Emergency Response | |
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| Long-Term Management | |
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| Arrhythmogenic RV Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy | |
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| ECG Recognition | |
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| The ECG During Nonsustained and Sustained VT | |
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| Differentiating Arrhythmogenic RV Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy VT from Idiopathic VT | |
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| Incidence | |
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| Diagnosis | |
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| Symptoms | |
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| Prognosis | |
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| Cause | |
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| Management | |
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| Congenital Long QT Syndrome | |
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| Incidence | |
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| ECG Signs | |
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| Torsades De Pointes | |
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| Risk Factors: Age and Sex | |
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| Clinical Characteristics | |
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| Emergency Response to Torsades De Pointes in Congenital Long QT Syndrome | |
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| Long-Term Management | |
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| Importance of Counseling | |
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| Summary of Inherited Lqts | |
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| Brugada Syndrome | |
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| ECG Diagnosis | |
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| Unmasking Concealed and Intermittent Forms | |
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| Pathophysiologic Characteristics | |
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| Incidence | |
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| Risk Stratification | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Summary of Brugada Syndrome | |
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| Catecholaminergic Polymorphic VT | |
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| Management | |
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| Short QT Syndrome | |
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| Pacemaker and Defibrillator Emergencies | |
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| Pacing Emergencies | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Failure to Capture or Sense | |
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| Pacing Failure | |
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| Pacemaker Syndrome | |
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| Pacemaker-Mediated Tachycardia | |
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| Myocardial Perforation and Tamponade | |
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| Managing Occasional Atrial Tachycardias in Patients with Pacemakers | |
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| Burst-Type Antitachycardia Pacing | |
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| Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism | |
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| Infection or Erosion of the Pulse Generator | |
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| Electromyographic Inhibition | |
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| Arrhythmias During Pacemaker Insertion | |
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| The Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator | |
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| In Case of Emergency | |
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| Electrical Storm | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Psychosocial Considerations | |
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| Prehospital Cardiac Emergencies | |
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| Reasons for Delay | |
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| Patient and Family Education | |
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| Training of the Emergency Response Team | |
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| Inhospital Response | |
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| Prehospital Assessment of High-Risk Patients with Chest Pain | |
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| History | |
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| Physical Examination | |
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| The ECG | |
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| Usefulness of Lead V[subscript 4]R in Acute Inferior MI | |
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| Significance of Bundle Branch Block in Acute Anterior MI | |
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| Thrombolytic Therapy | |
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| Initiation of Prehospital Thrombolytic Policy | |
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| Evaluation of the Patient for Thrombolytic Therapy in the Field | |
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| When Reperfusion Therapy is Indicated | |
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| Response at the Base Hospital | |
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| Causes for Delay | |
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| Candidates for Thrombolysis | |
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| Absolute Contraindications for Thrombolysis | |
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| Relatively Major Contraindications (Individual Evaluation of Risk Versus Benefit) | |
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| Relatively Minor Contraindications | |
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| Unstable Angina with ST Segment Depression or Negative T Waves | |
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| Recognition of Critical Proximal Lad Coronary Artery Stenosis | |
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| Recognition of Left Main Stem and Three-Vessel Disease | |
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| Conscious Patient with a Tachycardia | |
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| Narrow QRS Tachycardia | |
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| Broad QRS Tachycardia | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Unconscious Patient | |
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| Unconscious Patient in Tachycardia | |
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| Unconscious Patient in Bradycardia | |
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| Emergency Cardioversion | |
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| Energy Settings for Defibrillation and Cardioversion of Unconscious Patients | |
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| Automatic External Defibrillator | |
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| Precordial Thump | |
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| Determining the Axis of the ECG Components | |
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| Electrical Treatment of Arrhythmias and the Automated External Defibrillator in Out-of-Hospital Resuscitation | |
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| Emergency Drugs | |
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| Mechanisms of Aberrant Ventricular Conduction | |
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| Perforated Decision-Making Cards | |