| |
| |
| |
| Terrorism: A Conceptual Review | |
| |
| |
| |
| Terrorism: First Impressions | |
| |
| |
| First Considerations | |
| |
| |
| Conceptual Considerations: Understanding Political Violence | |
| |
| |
| Recent Attacks in the United States: Symbolism and Aftermath | |
| |
| |
| Terrorism and Criminal Skill: Three Cases in Point | |
| |
| |
| The Past as Prologue: Historical Perspectives on Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Nature of the Beast: Defining Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Understanding Extremism: The Foundation of Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Defining Terrorism: An Ongoing Debate | |
| |
| |
| A Definitional Problem: Perspectives on Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| The Political Violence Matrix | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beginnings: The Causes of Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Political Violence as the Fruit of Injustice | |
| |
| |
| Political Violence as Strategic Choice | |
| |
| |
| The Morality of Political Violence | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Terrorists | |
| |
| |
| |
| Terror From Above: State Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| The State as Terrorist: A State Terrorism Paradigm | |
| |
| |
| Violence Abroad: State Terrorism as Foreign Policy | |
| |
| |
| Violence at Home: State Terrorism as Domestic Policy | |
| |
| |
| The Problem of Accountability: Monitoring State Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Terror From Below: Dissident Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| The Rebel as Terrorist: A Dissident Terrorism Paradigm | |
| |
| |
| Warring Against the State: Antistate Dissident Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Warring Against a People: Communal Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Operational Shifts: Dissidents and the New Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Violence in the Name of the Faith: Religious Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Primary and Secondary Motives: The Idiosyncratic Quality of Religious Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Historical Cases in Point: Fighting, Dying, and Killing in the Name of the Faith | |
| |
| |
| State-Sponsored Religious Terrorism in the Modern Era | |
| |
| |
| Dissident Religious Terrorism in the Modern Era | |
| |
| |
| The Future of Religious Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Violent Ideologies: Terrorism From the Left and Right | |
| |
| |
| Reactionaries and Radicals: The Classical Ideological Continuum | |
| |
| |
| Left-Wing Ideologies and Activism | |
| |
| |
| Class Struggle and National Liberation: The Terrorist Left | |
| |
| |
| Right-Wing Activism and Extremism | |
| |
| |
| Race and Order: The Terrorist Right | |
| |
| |
| Violent Ideologies in the New Era of Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Terrorist Spillovers: International Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Defining International Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Globalized Revolution: Reasons for International Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Globalized Solidarity: International Terrorist Networks | |
| |
| |
| The International Dimension of the New Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Postscript: The "Stateless Revolutionaries" | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Emerging Terrorist Environments: Gender-Selective Political Violence and Criminal Dissident Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Culture and Conflict: Gender-Selected Victims of Terrorist Violence | |
| |
| |
| Protecting the Enterprise: Criminal Dissident Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| A Global Problem: Regional Cases of Criminal Dissident Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Terrorist Trade | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tools of the Trade: Tactics and Targets of Terrorists | |
| |
| |
| The Purpose: Terrorist Objectives | |
| |
| |
| The Means: Terrorist Methods | |
| |
| |
| The Focus: Terrorist Targets | |
| |
| |
| The Outcome: Is Terrorism Effective? | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Information Battleground: Terrorist Violence and the Role of the Media | |
| |
| |
| Two Perspectives: The Media and Governments | |
| |
| |
| Exploring the Role of the Media | |
| |
| |
| A New Battleground: The War for the Information High Ground | |
| |
| |
| The Public's Right to Know: Regulating the Media | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Final Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| The American Case: Terrorism in the United States | |
| |
| |
| An Introduction to the American Case | |
| |
| |
| Background to Terrorism: Leftist Activism and Ideological Extremism in America | |
| |
| |
| Left-Wing Terrorism in the United States | |
| |
| |
| Background to Terrorism: Rightist Activism and Ideological Extremism in America | |
| |
| |
| Right-Wing Terrorism in the United States | |
| |
| |
| International Terrorism in the United States | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Responding to Terror: The Options | |
| |
| |
| Background: The Scope of Options | |
| |
| |
| Warlike Operations: Counterterrorism and the Use of Force | |
| |
| |
| Operations Other Than War: Repressive Options | |
| |
| |
| Operations Other Than War: Conciliatory Options | |
| |
| |
| Applying the Rule of Law: Legalistic Options | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Next? The Future of Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| An Overview of Near-Term Projections | |
| |
| |
| The Future of Terrorism: New Threats | |
| |
| |
| Controlling Terrorism: New Challenges | |
| |
| |
| Prospects for Terrorism in the United States | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Map References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Historical Examples | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |