| |
| |
| |
World Views, Paradigms, and the Practice of Social Science Research | |
| |
| |
| |
Quantitative Research | |
| |
| |
| |
Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
Thinking about the Foundations and Practice of Research | |
| |
| |
What This Book Is and Is Not About. | |
| |
| |
What Warrants Our Attention? | |
| |
| |
The Traditional Canon | |
| |
| |
Alternative Paradigms | |
| |
| |
New Techniques or New Paradigms? | |
| |
| |
| |
History and Context of Paradigm Development | |
| |
| |
Positivism: A Response to Metaphysical and Magical Explanations | |
| |
| |
Critical Theory: A Response to Inequities in Society | |
| |
| |
Interpretivism: A Response to the Excesses of "Scientific" Social Science | |
| |
| |
The Special Cases of Postmodernism and Feminism | |
| |
| |
| |
Foundational Issues: Postpositivist and Critical Perspectives | |
| |
| |
Social Science Research: The View from the Postpositivist Paradigm | |
| |
| |
Social Science Research: The View from the Critical Theory Paradigm | |
| |
| |
| |
History and Foundations of Interpretivist Research | |
| |
| |
| |
Nature of Reality. | |
| |
| |
| |
Purpose of Research. | |
| |
| |
| |
Acceptable Methodology/Data. | |
| |
| |
| |
The Meaning of Data | |
| |
| |
| |
Relationship of Research to Practice. | |
| |
| |
The Implications of an Interpretivist Approach | |
| |
| |
What Sorts of Research are Worthwhile? | |
| |
| |
Examples of Interpretive Research | |
| |
| |
| |
Frameworks for Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
Postpositivist Research | |
| |
| |
"Moments" of Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
Some General Frameworks for Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
| |
General Guidelines for Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
Guidelines for Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
Situated or Contextual Understanding, Not Truth, is the Purpose of Research | |
| |
| |
Accept Multiple Sources of Influence | |
| |
| |
Take A Foundational Rather Than Technique Perspective | |
| |
| |
Practice Recursive (Iterative ) and Emergent Data Collection and Analysis | |
| |
| |
Use Multiple Sources of Data | |
| |
| |
Think of Research as a Reflective Process | |
| |
| |
The Researcher is the Primary Tool for Data Collection and Analysis | |
| |
| |
An Emphasis on Participatory versus Nonparticipatory Research. | |
| |
| |
Adopt an Open Approach | |
| |
| |
Deal With Bias Directly | |
| |
| |
Select Natural Contexts for Research | |
| |
| |
Research Should be Holistic, Not Atomistic | |
| |
| |
Research Involves More Than Induction and Deduction: Analogical Reasoning, Abduction, and Family Resemblances | |
| |
| |
Alternatives to Postpositivist Criteria for Believability: Validity and Reliability | |
| |
| |
Alternative Approaches to Validity and Reliability: Triangulation and More | |
| |
| |
Conclusions? Aren't They Generalizations? | |
| |
| |
| |
Methods of Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
| |
Action Research on a Pediatric Surgical Ward | |
| |
| |
Established Qualitative Research Methods | |
| |
| |
Ethnography | |
| |
| |
Case Studies: Another Form of Qualitative Observation | |
| |
| |
Interview Research | |
| |
| |
Historigraphy | |
| |
| |
Historiography: The Research Methods of History Innovative Methods | |
| |
| |
Participatory Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
Emancipatory Research | |
| |
| |
Critical Emancipatory Action Research | |
| |
| |
| |
Approaches to Data Analysis and Intepretation | |
| |
| |
The Purpose of Research | |
| |
| |
General Theory | |
| |
| |
Objective Description | |
| |
| |
Hermeneutic (Verstehen) Understanding | |
| |
| |
Story telling/Narrative | |
| |
| |
Data Analysis Families | |
| |
| |
Eyeballing the Data | |
| |
| |
Connoisseurship: A Global Perspective | |
| |
| |
Hermeneutics as a Data Analysis Method | |
| |
| |
Grounded Theory | |
| |
| |
Analytic Induction | |
| |
| |
A Final Topic: The Ethics of Research | |
| |
| |
| |
21st Century Social Science: Peering into the Future | |
| |
| |
Will the Cacophony Continue? | |
| |
| |
Why Can't Social Science Converge on The Answer? | |
| |
| |
Competition | |
| |
| |
Linearity | |
| |
| |
Dialog as an Alternative to Competition | |
| |
| |
Three Approaches to Knowing in Greek Thought | |
| |
| |
Plato | |
| |
| |
Aristotle | |
| |
| |
The Humanities | |
| |
| |
Choices 20th Century Social Science Made | |
| |
| |
Suppose We Chose Badly | |
| |
| |
Two Theories That May Help Us Build 21st Century Social Science | |
| |
| |
Poetic Logic | |
| |
| |
Chaos and Complexity Theory: Another Route to a Nonlinea Social Science | |