| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Can We Know? | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| From Meditations on First Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| From An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Cartesian Skepticism and Inference to the Best Explanation | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| From Science as Social Knowledge | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The 'Maleness' of Reason | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ethics of Belief | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| It is Wrong, Everywhere, Always, and for Anyone, to Believe Anything upon Insufficient Evidence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Epistemology: Suggestions for Further Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Can We Know About the Nature and Existence of God? | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| From Prosologium | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| In Behalf of the Fool: An Answer to the Argument of Anselm in the Proslogium | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ontological Argument | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Cosmological Argument | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| From Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Argument from Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Wager | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Recombinant DNA Debate: A Difficulty for Pascalian-Style Wagering | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| A Central Theistic Argument | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Evil and Omnipotence | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Problem of Evil | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Male-Chauvinist Religion | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Divine Racism: A Philosophical and Theological Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Religion: Suggestions for Further Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Are We Ever Free? | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| From The System of Nature | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Freedom and Necessity | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Human Freedom and the Self | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Complete the Compatibilist Account of Free Action | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Living without Free Will: The Case for Hard Incompatibilism | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Metaethics, Metaphilosophy, and Free Will Subjectivism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Freedom and Determinism: Suggestions for Further Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Does Our Existence Have a Meaning or Purpose? | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| From My Confession | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Absurdity of Life without God | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| On the Vanity of Existence | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| An Absurd Reasoning | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Existentialism Is a Humanism | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Absurd | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| What Makes Life Worth Living? | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Meaning of Life | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Tolstoi and the Meaning of Life | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Meaning of Life: Suggestions for Further Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| How Should We Live? | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Morality as Good in Itself | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Problem of Rationality: Is Morality Rationally Required? | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| From Utilitarianism | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| From Two Treatises of Government | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| From A Theory of Justice | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Distributive Justice | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Gender Inequality and Cultural Difference | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Race/Gender and the Ethics of Difference | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| A Response to Jane Flax | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Equality, Discrimination and Preferential Treatment | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| All Animals Are Equal ... | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ethics of Respect for Nature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ethics: Suggestions for Further Reading | |
| |
| |
| Index | |