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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Symbols and conventions | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Grammar Is and Is Not | |
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| Grammar and its role in language | |
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| 'Good' and 'bad' grammar | |
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| Variation in language | |
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| English and other languages | |
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| Grammar and effective communication | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Getting Started with Grammar | |
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| Grammar in prose literature | |
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| Grammar in poetry | |
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| A taste of morphology: the structure of words | |
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| Simple and complex words | |
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| Derivational and inflectional suffixes | |
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| Summary: the main points of English morphology | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Analysis | |
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| Sentences and Their Parts | |
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| Prologue: parts of speech | |
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| The hierarchy of units | |
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| Grammatical notations | |
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| Using tests | |
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| Form and function | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Words | |
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| Open and closed word classes | |
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| The open classes | |
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| Closed word classes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Phrases | |
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| Classes of phrase | |
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| Main and subordinate phrases | |
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| Noun phrases and related phrase classes | |
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| The adjective phrase and the adverb phrase | |
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| The verb phrase (VP) | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Clauses | |
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| Elements of the clause | |
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| Complex sentences | |
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| Tensed and tenseless clauses | |
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| Declarative, interrogative and imperative clauses | |
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| Active and passive clauses | |
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| More on clause structure | |
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| Clause patterns | |
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| The structure of tenseless clauses | |
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| Parsing a simple sentence | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Subordination and Coordination | |
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| Subordinate clauses (SCl) | |
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| Tensed subordinate clauses | |
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| The functions of subordinate clauses | |
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| Tenseless subordinate clauses | |
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| Direct and indirect subordination | |
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| Skeleton analysis | |
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| Coordination | |
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| Summary and conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Basic and Derived Structures | |
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| Constituent structure grammar | |
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| Basic and derived structures | |
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| 'Missing' elements | |
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| Split constituents | |
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| 'Double analysis' | |
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| Back to parsing | |
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| Style and structure-changing rules | |
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| Summary and conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Applications | |
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| Working with Discourse: Speech and Writing | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Speech and writing: which comes first? | |
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| Functions of writing and speech | |
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| The form of speech and writing | |
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| Linguistic characteristics of speech and writing | |
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| An analysis of spoken and written discourse | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Working with Discourse: Tenor and Domain | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Tenor | |
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| Tenor and discourse | |
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| Domain | |
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| Domain and discourse | |
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| Combining categories of use | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Working with Literary Discourse | |
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| How to analyse style | |
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| Illustrative extract | |
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| Outline analysis (with questions for further study) | |
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| Further illustrative extracts for discussion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Grammar and Problems of Usage | |
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| Opinions about grammar | |
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| Prescriptive 'rules' | |
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| The priests of usage | |
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| Problems of personal pronouns | |
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| The problem of number concord | |
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| The problem of the generic masculine | |
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| Problems of ellipsis | |
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| Dangling tenseless clauses | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Grammar and composition | |
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| Grammar and writing | |
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| 'Make your language easy to follow' | |
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| 'Be clear' | |
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| 'Be economical' | |
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| 'Be clear but concise': clarity versus economy | |
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| 'Be effective' | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Answers to Exercises | |
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| Notes | |
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| Further Reading | |