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| Symbols, Acronyms and Units | |
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| Introduction to Fatigue of Structures and Materials | |
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| References | |
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| Fatigue under Constant-Amplitude Loading (Chapters 2-8) | |
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| Fatigue as a Phenomenon in the Material | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Different phases of the fatigue life | |
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| Crack initiation | |
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| Crack growth | |
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| The fatigue mechanism in more detail | |
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| Crystallographic aspects | |
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| Crack initiation at inclusions | |
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| Small cracks, crack growth barriers, thresholds | |
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| Number of crack nuclei | |
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| Surface effects | |
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| Crack growth and striations | |
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| Environmental effects | |
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| Cyclic tension and cyclic torsion | |
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| Characteristic features of fatigue failures | |
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| Microscopic characteristics | |
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| Macroscopic characteristics | |
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| Main topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Stress Concentration at Notches | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Definition of Kt | |
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| Analytical calculations on stress concentrations | |
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| Effect of the notch geometry on Kt | |
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| Some additional aspects of stress concentrations | |
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| Superposition of notches | |
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| Methods for the determination of stress concentrations | |
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| Main topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Residual Stress | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Different sources of residual stresses | |
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| Measurements or calculations of residual stresses | |
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| Estimation of the residual stress at a notch after a high load | |
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| How to remove residual stresses | |
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| Main topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Stress Intensity Factors of Cracks | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Different types of cracks | |
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| Definition of the stress intensity factor | |
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| Examples of stress intensity factors | |
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| K factors obtained by superposition | |
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| Cracks with curved crack fronts | |
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| Crack opening and the state of stress | |
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| Crack tip plasticity | |
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| Some energy considerations | |
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| Determination of stress intensity factors | |
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| The similarity concept and the application of the stress intensity factor K | |
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| Main topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Fatigue Properties | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Description of fatigue properties of unnotched material | |
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| Some general aspects of the fatigue strength of unnotched specimens | |
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| Relation between Sf and Su | |
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| Mean stress effects | |
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| The size effect for unnotched specimens | |
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| Type of loading, tension, bending, torsion | |
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| Combined loading | |
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| Low-cycle fatigue | |
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| Main topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| The Fatigue Strength of Notched Specimens | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The fatigue limit of notched specimens at Sm = 0 | |
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| The similarity principle and the notch sensitivity | |
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| The size effect on the fatigue limit of notched specimens | |
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| The fatigue limit of notched specimens for Sm > 0 | |
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| Notch effect under cyclic torsion | |
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| Notch effect on the fatigue limit for combined loading cases | |
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| Significance of the surface finish | |
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| Discussion on predictions of the fatigue limit | |
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| The S-N curves of notched specimens | |
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| The major topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Fatigue Crack Growth. Analysis and Predictions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Description of fatigue crack growth properties | |
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| Test results | |
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| The stress intensity factor and the similarity concept | |
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| Constant-�K tests | |
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| Fatigue crack growth regions | |
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| Crack closure | |
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| Plasticity induced crack closure and �Keff | |
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| Plane strain/plane stress | |
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| Thickness effect on fatigue crack growth | |
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| Other crack closure mechanisms | |
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| Crack growth data of different materials | |
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| Prediction of fatigue crack growth | |
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| Some basic aspects | |
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| Crack growth predictions for through cracks | |
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| Crack growth prediction for part through cracks | |
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| A final comment | |
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| Major topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Load Spectra and Fatigue under Variable-Amplitude Loading (Chapters 9-11) | |
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| Load Spectra | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Different types of loads on a structure in service | |
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| Description of load histories | |
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| Determination of load spectra | |
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| The qualitative approach | |
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| The quantitative approach | |
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| Service-simulation fatigue tests and load spectra | |
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| Major aspects of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Fatigue under Variable-Amplitude Loading | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Miner rule | |
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| Effect of load cycles with stress amplitudes below the fatigue limit | |
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| Effect of notch root plasticity | |
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| Crack length at failure | |
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| What is basically wrong with the Miner rule? | |
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| Results of fatigue tests under VA loading | |
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| Alternative fatigue life prediction methods for VA loading | |
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| Damage calculations and extrapolation of S-N curves below the fatigue limit | |
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| The relative Miner rule | |
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| Strain history prediction model | |
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| Predictions based on service-simulation fatigue tests | |
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| Discussion of fatigue life predictions for VA loading | |
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| Life estimates for a specific component and the Miner rule | |
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| Considerations on the effect of the design stress level | |
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| Comparison between different options for design improvements | |
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| Comparison of different load spectra | |
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| Major topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Fatigue Crack Growth under Variable-Amplitude Loading | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Crack growth under simple VA-stress histories | |
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| Crack growth under complex VA-stress histories | |
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| Crack growth prediction models for VA loading | |
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| Non-interaction model | |
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| Interaction models for prediction of fatigue crack growth under VA loading | |
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| Evaluation of prediction methods for fatigue crack growth under VA-load histories | |
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| Major topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Fatigue Tests and Scatter (Chapters 12 and 13) | |
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| Fatigue and Scatter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sources of scatter | |
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| Description of scatter | |
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| Some practical aspects of scatter | |
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| Major topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Fatigue Tests | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Purposes of fatigue test programs | |
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| Specimens | |
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| Fatigue test procedures | |
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| Reporting about fatigue test results | |
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| Aspects of crack growth measurements | |
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| Main topics of this chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Special Fatigue Conditions (Chapters 14-17) | |
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| Surface Treatments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Aspects of surface treatments | |
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| Some practical aspects of surface treatments | |
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| Summary of major topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Fretting Corrosion | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The fretting corrosion mechanism | |
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| Effects on fretting corrosion | |
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| Methods to avoid fretting corrosion problems | |
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| Topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Corrosion Fatigue | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Aspects of corrosion fatigue | |
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| Corrosion fatigue in gaseous environments | |
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| Corrosion fatigue in liquid environments | |
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| Practical aspects of corrosion fatigue | |
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| A case history | |
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| Topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| High-Temperature and Low-Temperature Fatigue | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Two example of high-temperature fatigue | |
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| Fatigue properties at high temperatures | |
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| Fatigue at low temperatures | |
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| Some general comments | |
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| References | |
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| Fatigue of Joints and Structures (Chapters 18-20) | |
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| Fatigue of Joints | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fatigue of lugs | |
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| Symmetric butt joints with rows of bolts or rivets | |
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| Bolts loaded in tension | |
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| Riveted and bolted joints with eccentricities | |
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| Adhesive-bonded joints | |
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| General discussion on predictions of fatigue properties of joints | |
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| Major topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Fatigue of Welded Joints | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Some general aspects | |
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| Geometry aspects of welds | |
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| Fatigue life considerations for CA loading | |
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| Fatigue endurances of welded joints under VA loading | |
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| Two special cases | |
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| Spot welded joints | |
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| Major topics of the present chapter | |
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| References | |
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| Designing against Fatigue of Structures | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Different types of structural fatigue problems | |
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| Designing against fatigue | |
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| Uncertainties, scatter and safety margins | |
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| Uncertainties | |
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| Scatter and safety factors | |
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| Some case histories | |
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| Improved shoulder fillets | |
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| Secondary bending introduced by non-symmetric hole reinforcements | |
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| Cracked aircraft wing panel repaired with a poorly designed patch | |
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| Online structural health monitoring of the Tsing Ma Bridge | |
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| Summarizing conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Fatigue Resistance of Fiber-Metal Laminates (Chapter 21) | |
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| Fatigue Resistance of Fiber-Metal Laminates | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Laminated sheet material without fibers | |
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| Fiber-metal laminates Arall and Glare | |
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| The fiber-metal laminate concept | |
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| Fiber-metal laminates as sheet material | |
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| Crack growth in Glare | |
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| Fatigue properties of Glare components | |
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| More about Glare | |
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| Some typical properties of Glare | |
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| Production and design aspects of Glare structures | |
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| Some summarizing remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |