Foreword | p. x |
Preface | p. xiii |
Understanding Families | |
A Theory-based Approach to Family Involvement in Early Childhood Education | p. 2 |
The Importance of Families in Children's Lives | p. 3 |
Contextualist Theories | p. 4 |
Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory | p. 6 |
Vygotsky's Dialectical Theory | p. 8 |
Family Systems Theory | p. 10 |
Implications for Practice in Early Childhood Education | p. 13 |
Guidelines for Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) | p. 13 |
Key Characteristics of Early Childhood Programs Practicing Inclusion | p. 14 |
National Accreditation Guidelines | p. 14 |
Family Support Movement | p. 16 |
Understanding Family Diversity | p. 20 |
Contextualist Theories and Family Differences | p. 21 |
Ways in Which Families Are Different | p. 22 |
Ethnicity, Race, and Culture | p. 22 |
Economic Differences in Families | p. 25 |
Gender Role Identity | p. 29 |
Families and Religiosity | p. 35 |
Geographic Region | p. 37 |
Application to Early Childhood Education Programs | p. 38 |
Celebrating Diversity | p. 38 |
Inclusiveness | p. 38 |
Ethical Considerations | p. 9 |
Relating Diversity to Developmentally Appropriate Practice | p. 39 |
Accreditation Guidelines | p. 40 |
Family Support Principles | p. 40 |
Developmental Issues in Families with Young Children | p. 44 |
Theoretical Foundation | p. 45 |
Bioecological Theory | p. 45 |
Family Systems Theory | p. 46 |
Family Issues | p. 46 |
Transition to Parenthood | p. 46 |
Sibling Relationships | p. 46 |
Work and Family | p. 50 |
Child Care | p. 54 |
Extended Family Relationships | p. 56 |
Practical and Ethical Considerations | p. 59 |
Family Support Principles | p. 59 |
Code of Ethical Conduct | p. 60 |
Family Strengths, Family Functions, and Family Structure | p. 64 |
Introduction | p. 65 |
Defining Family Strengths, Functions, and Structure | p. 65 |
Bioecological Theory | p. 66 |
Family Systems Theory | p. 67 |
Family Strengths | p. 69 |
What Makes a Family Strong? | p. 69 |
What Factors Support Family Strengths? | p. 69 |
Resilient Children | p. 70 |
Family Functions | p. 71 |
Historical and Contemporary Purposes of Families | p. 71 |
Causes of Change in Family Functions | p. 72 |
Family Law | p. 73 |
Family Structure | p. 74 |
Variations in Family Form | p. 74 |
The Meaning of Birth Order | p. 76 |
Application of Chapter Information | p. 77 |
Family Support | p. 77 |
Early Childhood Programs | p. 77 |
Partnership for Family Involvement in Education | p. 78 |
Parenting | p. 84 |
Bioecological theory | p. 85 |
What Affects Parenting? | p. 85 |
Microsystem Effects | p. 85 |
Exosystem and Macrosystem Effects | p. 85 |
Chronosystem Effects | p. 86 |
Ways to Parenthood | p. 86 |
Biological and Fertility Alternatives | p. 86 |
Blended Families | p. 87 |
Adoption | p. 88 |
Grandparents As Parents | p. 89 |
Responsibilities of Parenthood | p. 91 |
Economic | p. 91 |
Nurturance and Child Care | p. 91 |
Attachment and Socialization | p. 92 |
Building and Maintaining Relationships | p. 92 |
Character Education and Spirituality | p. 93 |
Collaborating with Societal Institutions | p. 93 |
Parenting Styles | p. 93 |
Authoritative | p. 94 |
Permissive | p. 94 |
Authoritarian | p. 94 |
Trends in Beliefs about Discipline Strategies | p. 95 |
Mothers and Fathers | p. 95 |
Differences in Parenting | p. 95 |
Capabilities of Mothers and Fathers | p. 96 |
Stay-at-Home Fathers | p. 96 |
Parenting Beliefs | p. 96 |
Child Development and the Role of Children in Families | p. 96 |
Interactions with Early Childhood Educators | p. 97 |
Family Stress | p. 100 |
Family Systems Theory | p. 101 |
The Circumplex Model and Family Coping | p. 101 |
Horizontal Stressors | p. 101 |
Families and Unpredictable Stressors | p. 102 |
Family Violence | p. 102 |
High Level of Conflict Inherent in Family Life | p. 102 |
Gender and Age Differences | p. 102 |
Involuntary Membership | p. 102 |
Family Privacy | p. 103 |
Increasing Conflict Leads to Violence | p. 103 |
Gender Inequality | p. 103 |
Society's Sanction of Violence | p. 103 |
Early Training in Family Violence | p. 103 |
Multiple Causes | p. 103 |
A Particular Form of Family Violence: Child Abuse | p. 104 |
Resources for Information about Child Abuse and Neglect | p. 109 |
Substance Abuse in Families | p. 109 |
Marital Transitions and Single Parenting | p. 110 |
Homeless Families | p. 112 |
Resources for Working with Homeless Families | p. 114 |
Families and Children with Disabilities | p. 114 |
Families and Children with Serious Illness | p. 117 |
Immigrant Families | p. 120 |
Migrant Families | p. 121 |
Children of Incarcerated Parents | p. 122 |
The Role of Early Childhood Educators | p. 123 |
Practice | |
A Family-based Philosophy in Early Childhood Education | p. 130 |
Rationale for a Family-based Philosophy in Early Childhood Education | p. 131 |
The Example Set by Head Start | p. 131 |
Families in a Democracy | p. 133 |
Rights and Responsibilities of Parents | p. 133 |
Continuity | p. 133 |
From Home to School | p. 133 |
Transitions during the Day | p. 134 |
Transitioning from Preschool to Kindergarten | p. 136 |
Home Visiting | p. 136 |
Family Support | p. 138 |
Responsibilities of Home and School | p. 138 |
Empowering Parents | p. 138 |
Linking Parents and Teachers | p. 139 |
Parents as Consumers of Children's Education | p. 139 |
Supporting School Policy and Families | p. 140 |
A Framework for School, Family, and Community Partnerships | p. 141 |
National Standards from the PTA | p. 141 |
Professionalism in Family-based Early Education | p. 143 |
Embracing Diversity | p. 144 |
Observing and Appreciating Differences | p. 145 |
Anti-bias Curriculum | p. 146 |
Understanding That Many Ways of Relating to Children Can Serve Them Well | p. 147 |
Evaluating the Family Involvement Component in Early Education | p. 147 |
Family-Staff Relationships | p. 154 |
Building Relationships | p. 155 |
Attitudes | p. 155 |
Practices | p. 155 |
Written Communication | p. 155 |
Communication In-Person | p. 155 |
Ongoing Communication | p. 158 |
One-Way Communication | p. 158 |
Newsletters | p. 158 |
Notes | p. 158 |
Announcements | p. 158 |
Daily Information Sheets | p. 159 |
Two-Way Communication | p. 160 |
Planned Conferences | p. 160 |
Unplanned Conferences | p. 162 |
Phone Calls | p. 162 |
Journaling | p. 163 |
Electronic Mail | p. 164 |
Home Visits | p. 164 |
Effective Interpersonal Communication | p. 164 |
Active Listening | p. 164 |
Reflecting | p. 166 |
I-Messages and We-Messages | p. 166 |
Nonverbal Communication | p. 168 |
Guidelines for Giving and Receiving Criticism | p. 169 |
Assertiveness versus Aggression | p. 170 |
Conflict Resolution | p. 170 |
Some Ineffective and Inappropriate Practices to Avoid in Interpersonal Communication | p. 172 |
Helpful Attitudes for Effective Interpersonal Communication | p. 172 |
Parent Education and Family Life Education | p. 176 |
Bioecological Theory | p. 177 |
Philosophy about Programs of Parent Education | p. 178 |
Assessing Needs and Effects | p. 178 |
Format of Programs | p. 179 |
Methods of Parent Education | p. 181 |
Parent Education Packages | p. 181 |
Parent Education Books | p. 183 |
Parents as Teachers (PAT) | p. 184 |
Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY) | p. 187 |
Family Life Education | p. 188 |
The Role of Early Childhood Educators in Parent Education and Family Life Education | p. 189 |
Topics for Parent Education | p. 190 |
The Value of Play for Young Children | p. 190 |
What Is Developmentally Appropriate Practice? | p. 191 |
Positive Guidance | p. 192 |
Limiting Television | p. 193 |
Homework | p. 194 |
Healthy Sexuality Development | p. 194 |
Early Brain Devlopment | p. 195 |
Family Literacy | p. 195 |
Early Childhood Educators in the Community | p. 198 |
Bioecological Theory | p. 199 |
Community Involvement in Early Childhood Education | p. 200 |
Local School Boards | p. 200 |
Reasons to Encourage Family Involvement in Local School Boards | p. 201 |
Boards of Trustees and Advisory Boards | p. 203 |
Caring Communities | p. 203 |
Referring Children for Additional or Varying Services | p. 204 |
Program Models | p. 205 |
Head Start | p. 205 |
Comer Schools | p. 206 |
Early Intervention | p. 206 |
Preschool Inclusion | p. 209 |
Other Models | p. 209 |
Instructional Support Teams | p. 209 |
United Way's Focus on Our Future | p. 209 |
Project Even Start | p. 211 |
Interdisciplinary Collaboration | p. 211 |
Benefits | p. 211 |
Challenges | p. 211 |
Family-Centered Interprofessional Collaboration | p. 211 |
The Business Community | p. 212 |
Professionalism in Early Childhood Education | p. 212 |
Knowledge Base | p. 212 |
Continuing Professional Development | p. 213 |
Community Update | p. 213 |
The Movement to Leave No Child Behind | p. 214 |
Case Studies | p. 217 |
Web Sites for Professional Development | p. 231 |
NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct and Statement of Commitment | p. 239 |
National Academy of Early Childhood Programs Accreditation Criteria | p. 247 |
National Education Goals | p. 251 |
Professional Preparation Guidelines for Early Childhood Education | p. 255 |
NAEYC Position Statement on Child Abuse Prevention | p. 267 |
Glossary | p. 277 |
Index | p. 287 |
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