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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Fluids and Surfaces | |
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| Cohesion and Surface Tension | |
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| Surface Energy and Wetting | |
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| Interfacial Tension, Capillarity, and Entry Pressure | |
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| Surfactants | |
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| Viscosity | |
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| Laminar and Turbulent Flows | |
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| Friction Factors and Pipe Pressure Loss | |
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| Density and Compressibility | |
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| Impacts of Temperature and Dissolved Solids on Fluid Properties | |
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| Properties of Porous Media | |
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| Skeletal Matrix | |
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| Grain-Size Distribution | |
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| Composition | |
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| Density | |
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| Effective Stress | |
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| Porosity | |
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| Compressibility and Consolidation | |
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| Aquifer Storage Concepts | |
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| Specific Storage | |
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| Storativity | |
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| Specific Yield | |
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| Aquifer Heterogeneity | |
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| Groundwater Flow Concepts | |
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| Viscous Flow | |
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| Darcy's Law | |
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| Laminar and Turbulent Flows | |
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| Hydraulic Conductivity and Permeability | |
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| Equivalent Hydraulic Conductivity | |
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| Mobile and Immobile Porosities | |
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| Anisotropy and Structure | |
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| Using Flow Vectors | |
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| Flow at Discontinuities | |
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| Darcy's Law in Radial Flow | |
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| Flow Equations | |
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| Concentration of Flow | |
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| Multi-Fluid and Non-Aqueous Flow | |
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| Intrinsic Permeability and Saturated Conductivity | |
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| Saturated NAPL Flow | |
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| Waste Solvent Pit Example | |
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| Coal Tar Example | |
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| Relative Permeability and Conductivity in Two-Fluid Systems | |
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| Saturation and Capillary Pressure | |
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| NAPL-Water Systems | |
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| Entry Pressures and Vertical Non-Aqueous Liquid Mobility | |
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| NAPL Entry into Well Screens | |
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| Impact of Site Activities on Vertical NAPL Mobility | |
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| Gas Induced Groundwater Conductivity Decreases | |
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| Solute Dispersion in Porous Media | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Advection-Dispersion | |
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| Reconsideration of the Dispersivity Term | |
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| Fundamentals of Molecular Diffusion | |
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| Molecular Diffusion in Heterogeneous Porous Media | |
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| An Applications Based Outlook on Dispersivity and Diffusivity | |
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| Reactive and Sorptive Processes | |
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| Sorptive Processes | |
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| Adsorption | |
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| Absorption | |
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| Multi-Compartment Sorption Models | |
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| Precipitation | |
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| Gas-Generating Reactions | |
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| Mobilization of Colloids | |
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| Contaminant and Reagent Mass Transport | |
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| Aquifer Mass Storage Capacities | |
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| Solute Transfers between Mobile and Immobile Porosities | |
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| Steady-State Concepts | |
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| Plume Development and Retreat | |
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| Migration of a Clean Water Front | |
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| Conceptual Site Models | |
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| Elements of the Site Concept | |
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| Accounting for Realistic Aquifer Behaviors | |
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| Testing Conceptual Site Models | |
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| Case Study 1 | |
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| Case Study 2 | |
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| Case Study 3 | |
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| Hydrostratigraphic Characterization | |
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| Soil Classification Systems | |
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| Depositional Forms and Processes | |
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| Facies and Depositional Models | |
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| Stratigraphic Logging Technique | |
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| Creating Stratigraphic Logs | |
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| Sampling Methods | |
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| Soil Sampling and Logging Methods | |
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| Direct-Push Techniques | |
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| Sonic Techniques | |
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| Cone Penetrometer Testing | |
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| Coordinated Hydrostratigraphic and Groundwater Sampling | |
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| Vertical Aquifer Profiling Methods | |
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| Coordinated Study Examples | |
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| CPT with Discrete-Interval Sampling | |
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| CPT with Membrane Interface Probe | |
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| Sampling Bias Associated with Vertical Profiling | |
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| Stratigraphic Contrast | |
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| Principles of Well Design | |
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| Elements of Well Design and Construction | |
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| Screen and Filter Pack Design and Construction | |
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| Flow Limitations and Screen Hydraulics | |
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| Matching Screens and Filter Pack to Formations | |
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| Natural Filter Packs | |
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| Engineered Filter Packs | |
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| Example Well Design Problem | |
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| Injection-Optimized Wells | |
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| Monitoring-Optimized Wells | |
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| Well Development | |
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| Granular Aquifers | |
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| Fine-Grained and Stratified Aquifers | |
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| Well Economics | |
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| Design and Interpretation of Aquifer Characterization Tests | |
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| Methods for Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity | |
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| Grain-Size Analysis | |
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| Cone-Penetrometer (CPT) Dissipation Testing | |
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| Slug Testing | |
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| Case Study - Slug Testing in High-Conductivity Aquifers | |
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| Pumping Tests | |
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| Case Study - Pumping Tests and Heterogeneity | |
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| Monitoring Approaches - What a Monitoring Well Sees | |
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| Sampling Methods | |
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| Case Study - Sampling in a Heterogeneous Formation | |
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| Model Parameters | |
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| Transport Modeling Results | |
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| Comparison of Breakthrough Curves | |
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| Evaluation of Sampling Methods | |
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| Summary of Case Study Results | |
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| Tracer Study Design and Interpretation | |
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| Tracer Study Design and Layout | |
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| Tracer Profiles and Breakthrough Curves | |
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| Tracer Volumes and Estimates of Mobile Porosity | |
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| Calculating the Center of Mass | |
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| Tracer Selection Criteria and Available Tracers | |
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| Controlling Tracer Distribution | |
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| Tracer Case Studies | |
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| Case Study 1 | |
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| Case Study 2 | |
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| Case Study 3 | |
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| Case Study 4 | |
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| Case Study 5 | |
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| Summary of Key Tracer Study Findings | |
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| Using Tracers to Detect Displacement | |
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| Injection Based Reactive Zone Design | |
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| How an Aquifer Accommodates Injected Fluid | |
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| Inertia, Friction and Water Mounding | |
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| Radial Flow Example | |
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| Impacts of Drilling Methods and Line Losses | |
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| Vertical Accommodation Rate | |
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| Large-Scale Field Trial | |
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| Displacement concepts | |
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| Pressure Limits and Formation Failure | |
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| Soil Strength | |
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| Matrix Failure and Hydraulic Fracturing | |
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| Unconfined Aquifers | |
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| Confined Aquifers | |
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| Over-Consolidated Soils | |
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| Allowable Injection Pressures | |
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| Injection Well Capacity Testing | |
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| Creating Reactive Zones through Reagent Injection | |
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| Natural Gradient Reagent Distribution | |
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| Recirculation Approaches | |
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| Dipole system | |
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| Flow Networks in Confined Systems | |
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| Injection Equipment Example | |
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| Flow Controlling Reactive Zone Designs | |
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| Funnel and Gate | |
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| Permeable Reactive Barriers | |
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| Hydraulic Fracturing | |
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| Clay - Zero Valent Iron Systems | |
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| Summary of New Developments and Their Implications | |
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| A Shifting Model of the Subsurface | |
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| Mapping Heterogeneities - Toward a Quantitative | |
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| Conceptual Site Model | |
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| Developing Methods in Quantitative Hydrogeology | |
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| Adaptive Design and Other Closing Points for Consideration | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |