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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| From Cyrus to the Hasmoneans | |
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| The Persian Era (539-332 B.C.E.) | |
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| The Restoration of City and Temple | |
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| The First Returnees: Hopes Thwarted by Hardships | |
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| The Temple Rebuilt | |
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| The Era of Ezra and Nehemiah | |
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| The Enigmatic Fourth Century B.C.E. | |
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| The Persian Era in Perspective | |
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| The Hellenistic Era (332-141 B.C.E.) | |
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| The Ptolemaic Era (301-198 B.C.E.) | |
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| The Seleucid Era (198-141 B.C.E.) | |
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| The Hasmonean Era (141-63 B.C.E.) | |
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| The Hasmonean Factor in Jerusalem Society | |
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| Three Episodes in Hasmonean Jerusalem | |
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| The Urban Setting | |
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| Political and Religious Groupings in Hasmonean Jerusalem | |
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| Common Judaism under the Hasmoneans | |
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| Hellenization in Hasmonean Jerusalem | |
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| The End of an Era | |
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| Herodian Jerusalem | |
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| The Historical Dimension | |
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| Transition to Roman Rule | |
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| From Pompey's Conquest to the Rise of Herod (63-37 B.C.E.) | |
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| Herodian Politics: At Home and Abroad (37-4 B.C.E.) | |
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| Herodian Rule in Jerusalem | |
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| Herod's Domestic Woes | |
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| Evaluating Herod and His Rule | |
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| The Reign of Archelaus (4 B.C.E.-6 C.E.) | |
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| The Urban Landscape | |
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| The Antonia | |
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| The Western Towers | |
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| Herod's Palace | |
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| Entertainment Institutions | |
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| Funerary Remains | |
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| Water Supply and Installations | |
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| The Temple and Temple Mount | |
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| The Temple Mount: Physical Dimensions and Functions | |
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| The Temple and Its Courts | |
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| Temple Functionaries | |
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| The Temple as a Religious Focus | |
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| Jerusalem in the Greco-Roman Orbit: The Extent and Limitations of Cultural Fusion | |
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| The Temple | |
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| Residential Quarters | |
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| Funerary Remains | |
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| Political Institutions | |
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| Language | |
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| Pharisaic Exegesis | |
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| Defining the Limits of Acculturation | |
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| The First Century C.E. | |
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| The Historical Dimension | |
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| Direct Roman Rule: The Earlier Period (6-41 C.E.) | |
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| Jerusalem under Agrippa I (41-44 C.E.) | |
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| Procuratorial Rule (44-66 C.E.): The Collapse of Jerusalem Society | |
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| The Urban Configuration | |
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| Geographical Expansion | |
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| The Third Wall | |
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| Topography | |
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| The Lower City | |
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| The Upper City | |
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| The Northern Commercial Quarter | |
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| The Bezetha Quarter (the New City) | |
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| Demography | |
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| Economic Activity | |
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| The Use of Rabbinic Literature in the Study of Second Temple Jerusalem | |
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| Social Stratification | |
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| The Social Dimension | |
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| High Priests | |
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| Priests | |
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| The Herodian Dynasty | |
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| The Nonpriestly Aristocracy | |
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| Diaspora Jews | |
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| Religious Ambience | |
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| Religious Life in First-Century Jerusalem | |
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| Scribes | |
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| The Christian Community | |
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| Common Judaism in First-Century Jerusalem | |
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| Synagogues | |
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| The Destruction of Jerusalem (66-70 C.E.) | |
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| Causes of the Revolt | |
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| Jerusalem during the Revolt (66-70 C.E.) | |
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| The Siege and Fall of the City | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Illustration Credits | |
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| Subject Index | |