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| Preface | |
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| The Epistemic Practices of Latin American Indians: A Puzzle for Philosophers | |
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| Why Should We Care About Native Cultures? | |
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| Rational Prediction in the West | |
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| Prediction Among the Mayans | |
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| The Case of Mayan Astrology | |
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| The Case of Mayan Prophecies | |
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| What Sort of Rationality Is Mayan Rationality? | |
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| An Argument for Strong Rationalism | |
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| The Principle of Charity Versus Strong Rationalism | |
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| A Further Objection to Strong Rationalism | |
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| The Bridgehead View | |
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| First Objection to the Bridgehead View | |
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| Second Objection to the Bridgehead View | |
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| Weak Rationality and Critial Thinking | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Could the Mayans Think? And What About Us? | |
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| The Weak Rationality Argument | |
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| Human Rationality and Animal Rationality | |
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| A Metaphorical Interpretation of Mayan Prediction | |
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| "True for the Mayans," | |
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| Is Rationality Relative? | |
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| "True in the Context of Mayan Culture," | |
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| Ordinary Thinkers Versus Super Thinkers | |
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| Cognitive Pluralism | |
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| Super Thinkers Versus Animal Thinkers | |
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| Neither Super Thinkers nor Animal Thinkers | |
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| Mayan Rationality Reconsidered | |
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| Could the Natives of Latin America Think? | |
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| Why the Mayans' Massive Error Does Not Amount to Irrationality | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Native Folk Cosmologies Versus Western Philosophy and Science | |
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| Understanding the Natural World: Latin America and the West | |
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| Folk Cosmologies in Latin America | |
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| Folk Cosmologies in the West | |
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| Questions That Make Little Sense to Ask | |
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| Are Folk Cosmologies Philosophy? | |
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| Did Ancient Latin American Civilizations Have Any Philosophy? | |
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| What Bernardino de Sahagun Saw in the Colonies | |
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| Is Philosophy Universal? Latin Americans Follow the West | |
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| Antonio Caso on the Philosophical Character | |
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| Jose Vasconcelos' "Super-Criterion," | |
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| Argumentation as a Demarcation Criterion | |
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| The Ancestors of Philosophy in the West | |
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| The Ancestors of Philosophy in Latin America | |
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| Philosophy Today in Latin America and the West | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Legacy of 1492: Pluralism, Relativism, and the Clash of Cultures | |
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| What Would Santayana Say About Magic Thought and Prayers? | |
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| Could Magic Really Help in Understanding the Natural World? | |
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| Relativism Revisited: The Linguistic Argument | |
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| A Contribution from Cultural Anthropology | |
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| Avoiding Ethnocentrism | |
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| Getting Tough-Minded | |
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| Pluralism Without Cultural Relativism | |
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| Completing the Analogy | |
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| Philosophy, Science, and World Cultures | |
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| Francisco Romero: Not All Cultures Are Created Equal | |
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| The "Species Chauvinism" Objection Against Romero | |
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| Is There a Natural Selection of Cultures? | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Thomistic Philosophy and the Conquest: Human Rights in the New World | |
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| Human Rights: A Moral Dilemma | |
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| Conflict of Cultures and of Religions, Too | |
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| Was the Conquest Morally Justified? | |
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| Were the Indians "Natural Slaves"? | |
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| The Theory of Natural Slaves in Context | |
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| Sepulveda Defeated by a Non-Scholastic Alternative | |
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| Montaigne and the Relativist Alternative | |
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| Las Casas's Scholastic Defense of the Rights of the Indians | |
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| Lascasianism: A Philosophy or a Political Agenda? | |
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| Vitoria: Humanism About International Law and Natural Rights | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Iberian Scholasticism and Its Critics: From Colonial Rule to Independence | |
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| The Scholastic Paradigm | |
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| Jose de Acosta Versus Aristotelian Science | |
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| Acosta's Concerns in Perspective | |
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| Sor Juana: Could Women Think in Colonial Mexico? | |
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| The Perils of a Certain Scholastic Dispute | |
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| Was Sor Juana a Radical Feminist? | |
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| Colonial Scholasticism in Context | |
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| Simon Bolivar: Independence Leads to Puzzles | |
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| Must Political Systems Accommodate Ethnic Diversity? | |
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| Sarmiento's Dilemma: Whose Civilization Is Preferable to Barbarism? | |
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| Is There a Connection Between Race and Character? Facundo's Ethnic Stereotypes | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Latin Americans, North Americans, and the Rest of the World | |
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| Autochthonous Positivists | |
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| Positivism in Brazil | |
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| Latin American Positivists and "First Philosophy," | |
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| Positivism in Mexico | |
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| Rodo on Hispanic Identity: A True Latin Americanist? | |
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| Ariel Vindicated: The Latin American Critique of the United States | |
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| Marti on Social Justice and the Americas | |
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| Indians, Land, and Race | |
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| The Actual Needs of the Oppressed | |
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| The Oppressed Against Mariategui | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Latin American Identity: Ethnicity, Name, and Thought | |
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| The Collective Identity of Latin Americans: A Puzzle | |
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| Describing Versus Evaluating Ethnic Groups | |
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| A Latin American Race? | |
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| Collective Identity: A Resolution | |
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| Should Latin Americans Have No Name at All? | |
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| Is There a Reason to Name Groups of People? | |
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| "Hispanics" Versus "Latinos," | |
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| A Characteristically Latin American Philosophy? Getting Critical | |
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| Philosophy in Latin America Versus Latin American Philosophy | |
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| How Is Latin American Philosophy Possible? | |
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| Latin American Thought Versus Latin America Philosophy | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Author Index | |
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| Subject Index | |