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| Foreword | |
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| List of Photographs and Illustrations | |
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| Preface | |
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| Origins of Psychological Thought: Why Do Other People Have Such Bizarre Beliefs and Behave So Strangely? | |
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| The Questions of Psychology | |
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| Universal Psychological Characteristics | |
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| Perceptual and Cognitive Influences | |
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| Biases in Processing Information | |
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| Important Distinctions Across Time and Culture | |
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| The Place of Humans and Other Animals in the Universe | |
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| Relationships Between the Self and Others | |
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| Desire for Power or Degree of Control That an Individual Can Have | |
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| Ways of Coming to Believe | |
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| Trust | |
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| Reason | |
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| Experience | |
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| Folk Psychology | |
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| Conclusions About the Answers | |
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| A Science of Psychology | |
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| The Greek Psyche | |
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| Modern Definitions | |
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| From Greek Philosophy to the Middle Ages: What and How Do We Believe? | |
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| What We Believe and How We Come to Believe | |
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| The Significance of Greek Culture | |
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| Greek Antiquity | |
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| The Classical Greek World | |
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| Transitions in Ontology | |
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| Transitions in Epistemology | |
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| Reasons for the Transitions | |
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| Choosing an Epistemology | |
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| Belief Systems in Classical Greece | |
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| The True Reality of Numbers | |
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| Natural Philosophy | |
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| The Greek Physis | |
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| Platonic Philosophy | |
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| The Aristotelian Milieu | |
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| Aristotle's Psychology | |
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| End of an Era | |
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| Transition of Power to Rome | |
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| Philosophies of Personal Happiness | |
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| Stoicism | |
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| Epicureanism | |
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| Mystery Religions | |
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| After Rome | |
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| The Early Middle Ages in Europe | |
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| Neo-Platonism | |
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| Augustinian Doctrines of Christianity | |
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| Implications of Religious Thought for Psychology | |
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| A Period of Intellectual Stagnation | |
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| From an Age of Spirits to Humanism: How Many Angels Can Dance on the Head of a Pin? | |
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| Philosophy in the Middle East | |
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| Byzantine Influences | |
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| Islamic Religion and Philosophy | |
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| Natural Philosophy in Islamic Thought | |
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| The High Middle Ages in Europe | |
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| The Search for Stability | |
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| The Power of the Roman Church | |
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| Scholasticism | |
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| The Problem of Knowledge | |
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| Summary of Scholastic Thought | |
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| The Consequences of Scholasticism | |
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| The Black Death | |
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| A Psychology of Disaster | |
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| Challenging the Church | |
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| Humanism: A New Focus | |
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| Disease and Famine | |
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| Secular Powers Grow Stronger | |
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| A New Way of Knowing | |
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| Inherited Assumptions | |
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| Epistemology for a New Age | |
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| From Certainty to Doubt in the West | |
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| The Certainty of Trust | |
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| The Costs of Trust | |
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| Cracks in the Foundation of Faith | |
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| Individualism | |
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| Humanism | |
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| The Centrality of Human Perspective | |
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| Skepticism Returns | |
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| A Skeptical Perspective | |
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| The Discomfort of Doubt | |
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| Empirical Discovery: Two Steps Forward | |
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| Human Potential | |
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| Medicine | |
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| Human Nature | |
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| Evidence | |
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| And One Step Back: The Church Reacts | |
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| The Certainty of Mathematics | |
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| Revealed Truth in Nature | |
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| Cosmology | |
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| Psychological and Theological Consequences | |
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| The Birth of Science: Is There Anything You Cannot Doubt? | |
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| Revolution Is in the Air | |
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| Ontological Revolution | |
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| Epistemological Revolution | |
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| A New Way of Knowing | |
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| False Idols of Knowledge | |
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| Knowledge Is Power | |
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| Philosophy Must Be Divorced From Religion | |
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| Begin With Inductive Reason | |
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| Natural Philosophy Must Be Dynamic, Cooperative, and Cumulative | |
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| The Physical Universe | |
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| The Role of Measurement | |
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| Knowledge and Opinion | |
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| Signs as Evidence | |
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| Reasons to Measure | |
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| Uses of Measurement | |
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| Rationalism as Another Way of Knowing | |
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| Antiauthoritarian | |
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| Skepticism and Naturalism Are Dangerous | |
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| The Rational Method | |
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| Introspection | |
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| Weaknesses in Human Reason | |
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| The Rational Process | |
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| Rational Conclusions | |
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| Trust Sensory Information | |
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| Innate Ideas | |
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| Mechanism | |
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| The Consequences of Rationalism | |
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| A Case Study: The Enlightened Mind and 300 Years of Witch Persecution | |
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| Magic, Science, and Religion | |
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| Irrational Thought Reigns | |
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| Scientific Evidence Against Witches | |
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| Paradigm for a New Age | |
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| The Scientific Paradigm | |
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| The Principles of Newtonian Science | |
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| The Goals of Scientific Study | |
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| The Modern Scientific Paradigm | |
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| Scientific Assumptions | |
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| Scientific Questions | |
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| Scientific Methods | |
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| Philosophical Answers to Psychological Questions: If a Tree Falls in the Forest and There Is No One Around to Hear It, Does It Make a Sound? | |
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| Philosophers and Philosophies of the Human | |
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| The Women | |
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| The Selfish Motive | |
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| The Blank Slate | |
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| Everything Is God | |
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| Religious Skepticism | |
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| Nature and Mind | |
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| Appearance Is Truth | |
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| Categories of Thought | |
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| Summary of Philosophical Speculation | |
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| Romantic Rebellions | |
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| Literature | |
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| Romantic Psychologies | |
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| Scientific Progress | |
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| Physics and Chemistry | |
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| Relevance to Psychology | |
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| Biology's Connections With Psychology | |
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| Philosophical Psychology | |
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| Political Science and Economics | |
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| Human Nature | |
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| Positivism | |
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| Natural History and Psychology | |
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| Early Evolutionary Theory | |
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| Natural Selection | |
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| Relevance for Psychology | |
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| Physiological to Experimental Psychology: Can Consciousness Be Inspected? | |
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| Physiological Psychology | |
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| Vitalism and the Study of the Human | |
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| Neurophysiology | |
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| The Sensory System | |
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| Physiological Conclusions | |
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| Psychophysics | |
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| Romantic Ideas | |
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| Art and Literature | |
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| Romantic Philosophy | |
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| The Rejection of a Science of Consciousness | |
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| Spiritualism and the Occult | |
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| Structure and Function: Measuring Mind | |
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| The Origin of Human Mind | |
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| Mental Measurement | |
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| Statistics and Mental Measurement | |
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| Exploring the Contents of Consciousness | |
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| German Experimental Psychology | |
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| Experimental Psychology Outside of Germany | |
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| Unconscious Mind | |
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| A Divided Discipline: What Is the Function of Mind? | |
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| Divisions Created by Ideas | |
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| Elementalism | |
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| Holism | |
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| Evolutionary Principles | |
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| Psychology Follows Many Paths | |
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| The Study of Consciousness | |
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| Comparative Psychology | |
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| Physiological Psychology | |
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| Medical Psychology | |
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| Madness | |
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| Early Explanations | |
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| Enlightened Lunacy | |
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| Modern Madness | |
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| The Reformers | |
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| Science and Insanity | |
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| Empirical Psychology: A Uniquely North American Blend | |
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| The Women | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Higher Mental Functions | |
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| Pragmatic American Functionalism | |
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| The Methods of Functionalism | |
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| A Science of Behavior: Is Consciousness a Myth? | |
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| The Landscape Changes | |
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| Elementalism and Evolution | |
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| From Introspection to Experimentation | |
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| Physiological Bases for Psychology | |
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| The Physiology of Vision | |
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| Psychological Characteristics | |
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| Instincts and Habits | |
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| The Behaviorists' Manifesto | |
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| Psychological Testing | |
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| Immigrant Testing | |
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| Army Testing During the Great War | |
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| Army Testing After the War | |
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| Eugenics | |
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| School Testing | |
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| Industrial Applications | |
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| Behaviorism After the Great War | |
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| Stimulus-Response Theory | |
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| Russian Physiological Associationism | |
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| Personality | |
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| The Conditioned Reflex | |
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| Weird Science | |
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| Physical Science and Science Fiction | |
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| Psychic Research | |
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| Paradigms Proliferate: Is There an Unconscious Mind? | |
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| Gestalt Psychology | |
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| The Phi Phenomenon | |
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| Animal Insight | |
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| An Experimental Test of Gestalt Theory | |
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| Gestalt Principles of Perception | |
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| Gestalt Notions of Consciousness | |
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| Application Versus Pure Science | |
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| Industrial Psychology | |
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| Psychologists' Advice for Increasing the Supply | |
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| Increasing the Demand: Advertising | |
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| Clinical Applications | |
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| Mental Hygiene | |
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| Psychoanalysis | |
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| Secessions From Freud | |
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| Relations Between Psychoanalysis and Psychology | |
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| Psychoanalytic Influences on Clinical Psychology | |
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| Freud's Cultural Context | |
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| Child Study and Developmental Psychology | |
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| Social Psychology/Sociology | |
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| Age of Theory: Why Are There So Many Different Psychological Theories? | |
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| Psychology and the Scientific Method | |
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| Developments in Statistics and Measurement | |
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| Learning Theories | |
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| Learning Theorists' Goals | |
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| Questions About Learning | |
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| Learning Theorists' Answers | |
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| Comparative Psychology and Learning | |
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| Learning Theory and the Psyche | |
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| Social and Personality Theory | |
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| Methods in Social Research | |
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| Social Theorists' Questions | |
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| Developmental Theory | |
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| Clinical Psychology | |
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| Personnel Testing | |
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| Educational Testing | |
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| Intelligence Testing | |
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| Diagnostic Testing | |
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| Psychotic Mental Illness | |
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| Neurotic Mental Illness | |
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| When Motivation Is the Question: Why Do We Do What We Do? | |
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| Experimental Psychology | |
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| Learning and Motivation | |
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| Physiological Learning | |
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| Mathematical/Mechanistic Learning | |
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| The Contingencies of Reinforcement | |
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| Learning and Loss of Motivation | |
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| Information Processing | |
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| Comparative Psychology | |
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| Ethology | |
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| Animal Psychology | |
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| Interactions | |
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| Integration and Synthesis | |
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| Developmental Psychology | |
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| Attachment and Loss | |
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| Social Learning Theory | |
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| Temperament | |
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| Social Psychology | |
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| The Zeitgeist | |
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| Social Statistics and Research Designs | |
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| Ethics in Research | |
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| The Humanistic/Existential Movement | |
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| Reasons for Humanistic Theory | |
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| Humanistic Psychology as Personality Theory | |
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| Humanistic Psychology as Therapy | |
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| The Fate of the Humanistic Movement | |
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| Clinical Psychology | |
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| Defining Personality | |
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| Causes of Mental Illness | |
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| Therapy | |
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| The Effectiveness of Therapy | |
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| The Mind Returns: What Questions Are Psychologists Exploring Now? | |
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| From Learning to Cognition | |
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| Cognitive Science | |
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| Artificial Intelligence | |
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| Neuroscience | |
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| Cognitive Neuroscience | |
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| Comparative Psychology | |
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| Sociobiology | |
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| Evolutionary Psychology | |
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| Animal Language Learning | |
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| Social Psychology | |
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| Social Cognition | |
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| Cultural Influences on Social Behavior | |
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| Developmental Psychology | |
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| Infant Skills | |
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| Behavior Genetics | |
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| The Role of Nurture | |
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| The Nature of the Interaction | |
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| Future Directions | |
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| Statistical and Methodological Changes | |
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| Clinical Psychology | |
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| Treatments | |
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| The Future of Clinical Psychology | |
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| Positive Psychology | |
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| Psychology of Women | |
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| Psychology of Religion | |
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| Industrial/Organizational Psychology | |
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| Psychology for Tomorrow | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |