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| List of Illustrations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Toward a New Art of Reading and New Historical Interpretations | |
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| Philosophical Travelers and the Humanist Art of Reading | |
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| Compilations of Travel Narratives | |
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| Cornelius de Pauw's New Art of Reading | |
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| The Critique of Classical Analogies in the Historiography of the New World | |
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| Conjectural and Philosophical Histories of America | |
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| Amerindians as Evidence | |
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| The Pursuit of Objectivity | |
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| New Similes, Same Historiography | |
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| Changing European Interpretations of the Reliability of Indigenous Sources | |
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| Primitive Scripts, Reliable Historical Documents | |
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| Philology, Collation, and Translation | |
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| Images as Sources in the Early Modern European World | |
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| Curiosities, Renaissance Humanists, and Amerindian Scripts | |
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| Conjectural Histories of Writing | |
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| Natural Histories of the Mind | |
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| Amerindian Sources in Eighteenth-Century European Historiography | |
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| Historiography and Patriotism in Spain | |
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| The Travails of Lorenzo Boturini | |
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| Boturini's Idea de una nueva historia general de la America Septentrional | |
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| Clashing Patriotic Agendas | |
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| Boturini's Ciclografia | |
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| Empires Are Lost or Won in the Struggle over Naming and Remembering | |
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| The Royal Academy of History and the History of the New World, 1755-1770 | |
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| The First Debate | |
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| The Council of the Indies and the Academy | |
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| The Second Debate | |
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| The Archive of the Indies | |
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| The Reception of Robertson's History of America | |
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| Footnoting Robertson's History | |
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| The Anonymous Review | |
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| Juan Nuix's Riflessioni imparziali | |
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| Ramon Diosdado Caballero | |
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| Juan Bautista Munoz | |
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| Why Create Archives? | |
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| Munoz's History | |
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| Crisis in the Academy | |
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| Francisco Iturri's Critique | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Making of a "Patriotic Epistemology" | |
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| Patriotic Epistemology: An Overview | |
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| The Making of Patriotic Epistemology: Mexico, 1750-1780 | |
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| Juan Jose de Eguiaray Eguren | |
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| Mariano Fernandez de Echeverriay Veytia | |
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| Three Processes of Distortion | |
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| Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl | |
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| Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri | |
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| Jose Joaquin Granados y Galvez | |
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| Creole Jesuits in Exile | |
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| Francisco Xavier Clavijero | |
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| Juan de Velasco | |
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| Juan Ignacio Molina | |
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| Pedro Jose Marquez | |
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| Jose Lino Fabrega | |
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| Manco Capac: The Ultimate Sage | |
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| Whose Enlightenment Was It Anyway? | |
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| The Stones: Interpreting the Spanish-American Enlightenment | |
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| Antonio de Leon y Gama's Descripcion historica | |
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| Jose Antonio de Alzate y Ramirez's Misgivings | |
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| Alzate y Ramirez on Xochicalco | |
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| Alzate y Ramirez's Critique of Leon y Gama | |
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| Leon y Gama's Reply | |
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| Lizards and Epistemology | |
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| A General Key to Mesoamerican Hieroglyphs? | |
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| Why Did Boturini's Collection Never Reach Madrid? | |
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| Our Lady of Guadalupe as Neoplatonic Seal and Mesoamerican Glyph | |
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| Jose Ignacio Borunda's Clave general de geroglificos americanos | |
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| Borunda on the Stones | |
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| Christian Icons and Nahua Glyphs | |
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| The Ruins of Palenque | |
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| The Parish Priest and the Governor | |
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| Antonio Bernasconi's Expedition to Palenque | |
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| Antonio del Rio's Expedition to Palenque | |
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| Interpreting Palenque | |
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| Interpreting the Provanza de Votan | |
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| Pablo Felix Cabrera's Theatro critico americano | |
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| A Biblical Exegesis of the Popol Vuh | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |