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| Introduction: A View of the Past: Exercise Physiology-Roots and Historical Perspectives | |
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| Exercise Physiology | |
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| Nutrition: The Base for Human Performance | |
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| Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins | |
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| Carbohydrates | |
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| Kinds and Sources of Carbohydrates | |
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| Recommended Intake of Carbohydrates | |
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| Role of Carbohydrates in the Body | |
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| Carbohydrate Dynamics in Exercise | |
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| Lipids | |
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| The Nature of Lipids | |
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| Kinds and Sources of Lipids | |
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| Recommended Dietary Lipid Intake | |
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| Role of Lipid in the Body | |
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| Fat Dynamics in Exercise | |
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| Proteins | |
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| The Nature of Proteins | |
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| Kinds of Protein | |
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| Recommended Dietary Protein Intake | |
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| Role of Protein in the Body | |
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| Dynamics of Protein Metabolism | |
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| Nitrogen Balance | |
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| Protein Dynamics in Exercise and Training | |
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| Vitamins, Minerals, and Water | |
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| Vitamins | |
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| The Nature of Vitamins | |
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| Kinds of Vitamins | |
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| Role of Vitamins | |
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| Defining Nutrient Needs | |
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| Exercise, Free Radicals, and Antioxidants | |
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| Vitamin Supplements: The Competitive Edge? | |
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| Minerals | |
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| The Nature of Minerals | |
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| Kinds and Sources of Minerals | |
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| Role of Minerals | |
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| Calcium | |
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| The Female Athlete Triad: Unexpected Problem for Women Who Train Intensely | |
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| Phosphorus | |
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| Magnesium | |
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| Iron | |
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| Sodium, Potassium, and Chlorine | |
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| Minerals and Exercise Performance | |
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| Water | |
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| The Body's Water Content | |
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| Water Balance: Intake Versus Output | |
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| Water Requirement in Exercise | |
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| Optimal Nutrition for Exercise | |
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| Nutrient Intake Among the Physically Active | |
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| MyPyramid: The Essentials of Good Nutrition | |
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| An Expanding Emphasis on Healthful Eating and Regular Physical Activity | |
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| Exercise and Food Intake | |
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| Precompetition Meal | |
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| Carbohydrate Feedings Prior to, During, and in Recovery from Exercise | |
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| Glucose Feedings, Electrolytes, and Water Uptake | |
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| Energy for Physical Activity | |
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| Energy Value of Food | |
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| Measurement of Food Energy | |
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| Introduction to Energy Transfer | |
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| Energy-The Capacity for Work | |
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| Interconversions of Energy | |
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| Biologic Work in Humans | |
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| Factors That Affect the Rate of Bioenergetics | |
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| Hydrolysis and Condensation: The Basis for Digestion and Synthesis | |
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| Energy Transfer in the Body | |
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| Phosphate Bond Energy | |
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| Adenosine Triphosphate: The Energy Currency | |
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| Phosphocreatine: The Energy Reservoir | |
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| Cellular Oxidation | |
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| Oxygen's Role in Energy Metabolism | |
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| Energy Release From Macronutrients | |
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| Energy Release from Fat | |
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| Energy Release from Protein | |
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| The Metabolic Mill: Interrelationships Among Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Metabolism | |
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| Energy Transfer in Exercise | |
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| Immediate Energy: The ATP-PCR System | |
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| Short-Term Energy: The Lactic Acid System | |
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| Long-Term Energy: The Aerobic System | |
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| Energy Spectrum of Exercise | |
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| Oxygen Consumption During Recovery | |
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| Measurement of Human Energy Expenditure | |
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| Methods of Measuring the Body's Heat Production | |
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| Doubly Labeled Water Technique | |
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| Respiratory Quotient | |
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| Respiratory Exchange Ratio | |
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| Metabolic Calculations | |
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| Human Energy Expenditure During Rest and Physical Activity | |
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| Energy Expenditure at Rest | |
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| Basal Metabolic Rate | |
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| Metabolism at Rest | |
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| Factors That Affect Energy Expenditure | |
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| Energy Expenditure in Physical Activity | |
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| Classification of Physical Activities by Energy Expenditure | |
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| The MET | |
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| Daily Rates of Average Energy Expenditure | |
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| Energy Cost of Household, Industrial, and Recreational Activities | |
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| Heart Rate to Estimate Energy Expenditure | |
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| Energy Expenditure During Walking, Jogging, Running, and Swimming | |
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| Gross Versus Net Energy Expenditure | |
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| Economy of Human Movement and Mechanical Efficiency | |
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| Energy Expenditure During Walking | |
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| Energy Expenditure During Running | |
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| Swimming | |
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| Individual Differences and Measurement of Energy Capacities | |
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| Overview of Energy-Transfer Capacity During Exercise | |
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| Anaerobic Energy Transfer: The Immediate and Short-Term Energy Systems | |
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| Aerobic Energy: The Long-Term Energy System | |
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| Systems of Energy Delivery and Utilization | |
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| Pulmonary Structure and Function | |
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| Surface Area and Gas Exchange | |
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| Anatomy of Ventilation | |
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| Mechanics of Ventilation | |
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| Lung Volumes and Capacities | |
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| Lung Function, Aerobic Fitness, and Exercise Performance | |
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| Pulmonary Ventilation | |
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| Variations from Normal Breathing Patterns | |
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| The Respiratory Tract During Cold-Weather Exercise | |
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| Gas Exchange and Transport | |
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| Gaseous Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues | |
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| Concentrations and Partial Pressures of Respired Gases | |
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| Movement of Gas in Air and Fluids | |
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| Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues | |
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| Oxygen Transport | |
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| Transport of Oxygen in the Blood | |
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| Carbon Dioxide Transport | |
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| Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood | |
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| Dynamics of Pulmonary Ventilation | |
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| Regulation of Pulmonary Ventilation | |
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| Ventilatory Control | |
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| Regulation of Ventilation During Exercise | |
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| Pulmonary Ventilation During Exercise | |
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| Ventilation and Energy Demands | |
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| Energy Cost of Breathing | |
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| Does Ventilation Limit Aerobic Power and Endurance? | |
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| Acid-Base Regulation | |
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| Buffering | |
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| Physiologic Buffers | |
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| Effects of Intense Exercise | |
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| The Cardiovascular System | |
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| Cardiovascular System Components | |
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| Hypertension | |
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| Blood Pressure Response to Exercise | |
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| The Heart's Blood Supply | |
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| Myocardial Metabolism | |
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| Cardiovascular Regulation and Integration | |
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| Intrinsic Regulation of Heart Rate | |
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| Extrinsic Regulation of Heart Rate and Circulation | |
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| Distribution of Blood | |
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| Integrated Exercise Response | |
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| Exercising After Cardiac Transplantation | |
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| Functional Capacity of the Cardiovascular System | |
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| Cardiac Output | |
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| Cardiac Output at Rest | |
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| Cardiac Output During Exercise | |
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| Cardiac Output Distribution | |
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| Cardiac Output and Oxygen Transport | |
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| Cardiovascular Adjustments to Upper-Body Exercise | |
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| Skeletal Muscle: Structure and Function | |
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| Gross Structure of Skeletal Muscle | |
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| Skeletal Muscle Ultrastructure | |
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| Muscle Fiber Alignment | |
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| Actin-Myosin Orientation | |
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| Chemical and Mechanical Events During Muscle Action and Relaxation | |
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| Muscle Fiber Type | |
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| Species Differences: A Comparative Look at Muscle Metabolism and Dynamics | |
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| Fiber Type Differences Among Athletic Groups | |
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| Neural Control of Human Movement | |
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| Neuromotor System Organization | |
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| Nerve Supply to Muscle | |
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| Motor Unit Functional Characteristics | |
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| Receptors in Muscles, Joints, and Tendons: The Proprioceptors | |
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| The Endocrine System: Organization and Acute and Chronic Responses to Exercise | |
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| Endocrine System Overview | |
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| Endocrine System Organization | |
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| Resting and Exercise-Induced Endocrine Secretions | |
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| Gonadal Hormones | |
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| Exercise Training and Endocrine Function | |
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| Resistance Training and Endocrine Function | |
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| Opioid Peptides and Exercise | |
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| Exercise, Infectious Illness, Cancer, and Immune Response | |
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| Applied Exercise Physiology | |
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| Enhancement of Energy Capacity | |
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| Training for Anaerobic and Aerobic Power | |
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| Training Principles | |
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| Physiologic Consequences of Training | |
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| Anaerobic System Changes with Training | |
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| Aerobic System Changes with Training | |
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| Factors That Affect the Aerobic Training Response | |
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| American College of Sports Medicine's Updated Fitness Guidelines and Recommendations | |
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| How Long Before Improvements Occur? | |
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| Maintenance of Aerobic Fitness Gains | |
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| Methods of Training | |
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| Overtraining: Too Much of a Good Thing | |
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| Exercising During Pregnancy | |
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| Muscular Strength: Training Muscles to Become Stronger | |
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| Strength Measurement and Resistance Training | |
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| Measurement of Muscle Strength | |
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| Gender Differences in Muscle Strength | |
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| Training Muscles to Become Stronger | |
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| Electromyography During Maximal Ballistic Muscle Actions | |
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| Structural and Functional Adaptations to Resistance Training | |
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| Factors That Modify the Expression of Human Strength | |
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| Comparative Training Responses in Men and Women | |
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| Detraining | |
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| Metabolic Stress of Resistance Training | |
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| Circuit Resistance Training | |
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| Muscle Soreness and Stiffness | |
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| Special Aids to Exercise Training and Performance | |
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| An Increasing Challenge to Fair Competition | |
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| On the Horizon | |
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| Pharmacologic Agents | |
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| Nonpharmacologic Appoaches | |
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| Exercise Performance and Environmental Stress | |
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| Exercise at Medium and High Altitude | |
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| The Stress of Altitude | |
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| Acclimatization | |
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| Metabolic, Physiologic, and Exercise Capacities at Altitude | |
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| Altitude Training and Sea-Level Performance | |
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| Combine Altitude Stay with Low-Altitude Training | |
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| Exercise and Thermal Stress | |
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| Mechanisms of Thermoregulation | |
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| Thermal Balance | |
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| Hypothalamic Regulation of Temperature | |
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| Thermoregulation in Cold Stress: Heat Conservation and Heat Production | |
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| Thermoregulation in Heat Stress: Heat Loss | |
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| Effects of Clothing on Thermoregulation | |
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| Thermoregulation and Environmental Stress During Exercise | |
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| Exercise in the Heat | |
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| Maintaining Fluid Balance: Rehydration and Hyperhydration | |
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| Factors That Modify Heat Tolerance | |
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| Complications from Excessive Heat Stress | |
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| Exercise in the Cold | |
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| Acclimatization to Cold | |
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| How Cold Is Too Cold? | |
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| Sport Diving | |
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| Diving History-Antiquity to the Present | |
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| Pressure-Volume Relationships and Diving Depth | |
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| Snorkeling and Breath-Hold Diving | |
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| Scuba Diving | |
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| Special Problems with Breathing Gases at High Pressures | |
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| Dives to Exceptional Depths: Mixed-Gas Diving | |
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| Energy Cost of Underwater Swimming | |
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| Microgravity: The Last Frontier | |
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| The Weightless Environment | |
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| Historical Overview of Aerospace Physiology and Medicine | |
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| Modern Era | |
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| Medical Evaluation for Astronaut Selection | |
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| Physiologic Adaptations to Microgravity | |
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| Countermeasure Strategies | |
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| Overview of Physiologic Responses to Space Flight | |
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| Future Research Priorities | |
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| Vision for the Future of Space Exploration | |
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| Practical Benefits from Space Biology Research | |
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| Body Composition, Energy Balance, and Weight Control | |
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| Body Composition Assessment | |
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| The Body Mass Index: A Somewhat Better Alternative | |
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| Composition of the Human Body | |
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| Common Techniques to Assess Body Composition | |
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| Average Percentage Body Fat | |
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| Determining Goal Body Weight | |
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| Physique, Performance, and Physical Activity | |
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| Physiques of Champion Athletes | |
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| Upper Limit for Fat-Free Body Mass | |
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| Overweight, Obesity, and Weight Control | |
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| Obesity | |
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| Historical Perspective | |
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| Current Status | |
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| Worldwide Epidemic | |
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| A Progressive Long-Term Process | |
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| A Complex Interaction of Many Factors | |
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| Genetics Influences Body Fat Accumulation | |
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| Physical Inactivity: A Crucial Component in Excessive Fat Accumulation | |
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| Risks of Excessive Body Fat | |
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| Criteria for Excessive Body Fat: How Fat Is Too Fat? | |
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| Principles of Weight Control: Diet and Exercise | |
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| Energy Balance: Input Versus Output | |
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| Dieting for Weight Control | |
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| Factors That Affect Weight Loss | |
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| Exercise for Weight Control | |
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| Effectiveness of Regular Exercise | |
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| Weight Loss Recommendations for Wrestlers and Other Power Athletes | |
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| Gaining Weight: The Competitive Athlete's Dilemma | |
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| Exercise, Successful Aging, and Disease Prevention | |
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| Physical Activity, Health, and Aging | |
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| The Graying of America | |
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| Physical Activity in the Population | |
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| Physical Activity Epidemiology | |
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| Aging and Physiologic Function | |
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| Age Trends | |
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| Trainability and Age | |
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| Physical Activity, Health, and Longevity | |
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| Causes of Death in the United States | |
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| Exercise, Health, and Longevity | |
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| Regular Moderate Exercise Provides Significant Benefits | |
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| Can Changing Activity Level Improve Health and Extend Life? | |
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| Coronary Heart Disease | |
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| Changes on the Cellular Level | |
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| Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors | |
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| Clinical Exercise Physiology for Cancer, Cardiovascular, and Pulmonary Rehabilitation | |
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| The Exercise Physiologist in the Clinical Setting | |
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| Training and Certification Programs for Professional Exercise Physiologists | |
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| Clinical Applications of Exercise Physiology to Oncology, Cardiovascular Diseases, Pulmonary Diseases, Neuromuscular Diseases, Renal Disease, and Cognitive/Emotional Diseases | |
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| Oncology | |
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| Cardiovascular Diseases | |
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| Cardiac Disease Assessment | |
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| Stress Test Protocols | |
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| Prescribing Exercise | |
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| Cardiac Rehabilitation | |
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| Rehabilitation Following Heart Transplantation | |
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| Pulmonary Diseases | |
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| Exercise and Asthma | |
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| Neuromuscular Diseases, Disabilities, and Disorders | |
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| Renal Disease | |
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| Cognitive/Emotional Diseases and Disorders | |
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| On the Horizon | |
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| Molecular Biology-A New Vista for Exercise Physiology | |
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| Brief History Tour of Molecular Biology | |
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| Revolution in the Biologic Sciences | |
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| Human Genome | |
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| Nucleic Acids | |
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| How DNA Replicates | |
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| Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation | |
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| Mutations | |
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| New Horizons in Molecular Biology | |
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| Human Performance Research | |
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| Index | |