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| Preface | |
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| History and Development | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Air Conditioning | |
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| Historical Development of Air Conditioning | |
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| The Industry | |
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| Sources of Heat and Cold | |
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| The Purpose of Automotive HVAC Systems | |
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| Cost of Operation | |
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| The Automobile and the Environment | |
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| A "New" Refrigerant | |
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| Technician Certification | |
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| Trade Associations | |
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| The Service Technician | |
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| Health and Safety | |
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| Personal Safety | |
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| Asbestos | |
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| Carbon Monoxide | |
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| Refrigerants | |
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| Antifreeze | |
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| Safety in the Shop | |
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| Health and Safety Program | |
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| Safety Rules for Operating Power Tools | |
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| Good Housekeeping Helps Prevent Fires | |
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| Walking and Working Surfaces | |
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| Ozone and the Environment | |
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| The Atmosphere | |
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| Absorption of Ultraviolet Radiation | |
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| The Ozone Hole | |
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| Ozone and the Greenhouse Effect | |
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| The Clean Air Act | |
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| Stratospheric Ozone Protection--Title VI | |
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| Use of Tools | |
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| Personal Safety Precautions | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Summary | |
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| Tools and Measuring System | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Metric System | |
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| System of Units (SI Metrics) | |
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| Decimal System | |
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| Division and Power | |
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| Symbols | |
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| Conversions | |
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| Common Metrics | |
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| Torque | |
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| Metric References in this Text | |
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| Tools | |
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| Screwdriver | |
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| Nut Driver | |
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| Wrench | |
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| Pliers | |
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| Hammer | |
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| Pullers | |
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| Saws | |
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| Drills | |
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| Manifold and Gauge Set | |
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| Can Tap | |
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| Safety Glasses | |
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| Special Tools | |
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| Refrigerant Identifier | |
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| Other Special Tools | |
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| Summary | |
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| Comfort | |
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| Human Comfort Control | |
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| Comfort Zone | |
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| Heat | |
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| Measurement of Heat | |
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| Cold: The Absence of Heat | |
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| The Thermometer | |
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| Pressure and Temperature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Matter | |
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| The Atom | |
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| Chemical Compounds | |
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| The Structure of Matter | |
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| Arrangement and Movement of Molecules | |
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| Pressure | |
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| Pressure Measurement | |
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| Temperature and Pressure | |
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| Air Conditioner Circuit | |
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| The Cooling System | |
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| Heating and Cooling Systems | |
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| Summary | |
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| Refrigerants and Lubricants | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Beginning of the End | |
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| A New Beginning | |
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| Temperature-Pressure Relationship of CFC-12 | |
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| Temperature-Pressure Relationship of HFC-134a | |
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| Handling Refrigerant | |
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| Trade Name | |
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| Packaging | |
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| Restrictions | |
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| Identification | |
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| Purity Test | |
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| Compatibility | |
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| Alternative Refrigerants | |
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| Substitute Refrigerants | |
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| Replacement Refrigerants | |
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| Special Safety Precautions | |
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| Refrigerant Cylinders | |
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| Refrigeration Lubricant | |
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| Lubricants for HFC Refrigerants | |
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| The Classification of Refrigeration Lubricant | |
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| Servicing Tips | |
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| Summary | |
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| Special Service Tools | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Manifold and Gauge Set | |
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| Electronic Manifold | |
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| Hoses | |
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| Leak Detectors | |
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| Vacuum Pump | |
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| Flush Kit | |
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| Recovery Systems | |
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| Scales | |
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| Moisture and Moisture Removal | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Moisture | |
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| Moisture Removal | |
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| Moisture Removal at Higher Altitudes | |
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| Evacuating the System | |
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| Other Methods | |
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| Triple Evacuation Method | |
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| Receiver and Accumulator | |
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| The Receiver-Drier | |
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| Accumulator | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Refrigeration System | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Mechanical Refrigeration System | |
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| Refrigeration Capacity | |
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| Basic Refrigeration Circuit | |
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| The FOT | |
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| Evaporator | |
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| Compressor | |
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| Hoses | |
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| Condenser | |
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| The Rotary Vane Air Cycle (ROVAC) System | |
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| Diagnosis and Service | |
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| Summary | |
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| Compressors and Clutches | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Function | |
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| Design | |
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| Clutch | |
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| Compressor Types | |
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| Compressor Action | |
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| Rotary Vane Compressor | |
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| Scroll Compressors | |
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| Variable Displacement Compressors | |
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| Scotch Yoke Compressors | |
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| Diagnosing Problems and Making Repairs | |
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| Compressor Failure | |
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| Compressor Replacement | |
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| Compressor Service | |
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| Summary | |
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| Compressor Service | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Servicing the Harrison Six-Cylinder Compressor | |
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| Checking and Adding Lubricant | |
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| Servicing the DA-6 Compressor Clutch | |
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| Servicing the Six-Cylinder Compressor Clutch | |
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| Replacing the A-6 Seal | |
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| Replace the Shaft Seal, All Except A-6 | |
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| Rear Head Service, Except A-6 | |
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| Front Head Service, Except A-6 | |
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| Compressor Cylinder Assembly, Except A-6 | |
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| Center Cylinder Seal, Except A-6 | |
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| Rebuild the Harrison A-6 Compressor | |
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| Servicing the Harrison R4 Compressors | |
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| Replacing the Seal | |
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| Checking and Adding Lubricant | |
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| Servicing the Compressor Clutch | |
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| Servicing the Harrison V-5 and V-7 Compressors | |
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| Clutch Service | |
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| Shaft Seal Service | |
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| Rear Head Service | |
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| Front Head Service | |
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| Control Valve Service | |
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| Servicing the Nippondenso Six-Cylinder Compressor | |
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| Replacing the Shaft Seal | |
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| Checking and/or Adding Lubricant | |
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| Servicing the Clutch | |
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| Rebuilding the Nippondenso Compressor | |
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| Servicing the Nippondenso Ten-Cylinder Compressor | |
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| Clutch Service | |
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| Shaft Seal Service | |
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| Servicing the Panasonic Vane-Type Compressor | |
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| Remove the Compressor | |
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| Replace the Compressor | |
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| Checking and Adjusting the Lubricant Level | |
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| Servicing the Clutch Assembly | |
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| Servicing the Shaft Seal | |
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| Servicing the Compressor | |
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| Servicing the Sankyo Compressor | |
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| Replacing the Compressor Shaft Seal | |
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| Checking the Lubricant Level | |
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| Servicing the Clutch Rotor and Coil | |
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| Rebuilding the Sankyo Compressor | |
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| Servicing the Tecumseh HR-980 Compressor | |
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| Checking and Adding Lubricant | |
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| Clutch Service | |
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| Replace the Shaft Seal | |
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| Metering Devices | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Thermostatic Expansion Valve | |
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| Operation of the Thermostatic Expansion Valve | |
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| Performance Testing the TXV | |
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| Other Valve Types | |
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| Fixed Orifice Tube | |
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| Testing and/or Replacing the FOT | |
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| Summary | |
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| Basic Electricity Review | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Electricity | |
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| Atomic Structure | |
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| Ohm's Law | |
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| Circuit Protection Devices | |
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| Electrical Components | |
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| Integrated Circuits | |
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| Circuit Defects | |
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| Wiring and Circuit Diagrams | |
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| Electrical Symbols | |
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| Blower Motor Circuit | |
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| Electric Defogger | |
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| Electrical Circuits | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fuses and Circuit Breakers | |
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| Testing Fuses and Circuit Breakers | |
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| Master Control | |
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| Temperature Control | |
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| Troubleshooting the Thermostat | |
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| Blower Motor | |
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| Troubleshooting the Blower Motor | |
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| Electromagnetic Clutch | |
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| Clutch Details | |
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| Pressure Cutoff Switch | |
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| Compressor Discharge Pressure Switch | |
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| Factory-Installed Wiring | |
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| Coolant Temperature Warning System | |
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| System Control Devices | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Vacuum Circuits | |
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| Vacuum-Operated Devices | |
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| Vacuum Source | |
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| Check Valves and Relays | |
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| Vacuum System Diagrams | |
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| Pressure Controls | |
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| Pressure Regulators | |
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| Control Systems | |
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| Sensors | |
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| Electronic Temperature Control Systems | |
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| Control Devices | |
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| Heater Control | |
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| Mode Doors | |
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| Vacuum Motors | |
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| Blower Control | |
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| Time-Delay Relay | |
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| Electrovacuum Relay | |
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| Ambient Switch | |
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| Thermostatic Vacuum Valve | |
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| Superheat Switch | |
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| Summary | |
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| Case/Duct Systems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Factory or Aftermarket | |
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| Air Intake | |
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| Core Section | |
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| Distribution Section | |
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| Combined Case | |
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| Air Delivery | |
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| Dual-Zone Duct System | |
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| Rear Heat/Cool System | |
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| Evaporator Drain | |
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| Visual Inspection | |
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| Mode Door Adjustment | |
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| Temperature Door Cable Adjustment | |
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| Air Filter | |
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| Summary | |
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| Engine Cooling and Comfort Heating | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Test the Cooling System | |
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| Radiators | |
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| Water Pump | |
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| Pressure Cap | |
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| Testing the Pressure Cap | |
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| Thermostat | |
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| Pulley and Belt | |
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| Automatic Belt Tensioner | |
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| Fans | |
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| Hoses and Clamps | |
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| Coolant Recovery Tank | |
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| Heater System | |
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| Additives | |
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| Flush the Cooling System | |
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| Preventative Maintenance | |
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| Summary | |
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| Troubleshooting and Repairs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Temperature-Pressure Relationships | |
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| System Diagnostics by Gauge Pressure | |
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| Units of Pressure | |
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| System Diagnosis | |
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| Component Replacement | |
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| Procedure | |
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| Heating and Cooling System | |
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| Procedure | |
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| Troubleshooting the Air-Conditioning System | |
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| Procedure | |
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| Noisy Compressor | |
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| System Cools Intermittently | |
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| Insufficient Cooling | |
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| No Cooling | |
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| Engine Cooling System | |
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| Engine Overcooling | |
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| Engine Overheating | |
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| Loss of Coolant | |
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| Retrofit CFC-12 to HFC-134a | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Contaminated Refrigerant | |
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| Recover Only, An Alternate Method | |
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| Retrofit Components | |
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| Summary | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |