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| Preface | |
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| List of Exhibits | |
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| List of Tables | |
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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Abbreviations | |
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| Major Characteristics of US Health Care Delivery | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Subsystems of US Health Care Delivery | |
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| Characteristics of the US Health Care System | |
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| Health Care Systems of Other Developed Countries | |
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| Systems Framework | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Foundation of US Health Care Delivery | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Health? | |
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| Determinants of Health | |
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| Cultural Beliefs and Values | |
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| Strategies to Improve Health | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Historical Overview of US Health Care Delivery | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Medical Services in Preindustrial America | |
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| Medical Services in Postindustrial America | |
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| History of Health Insurance | |
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| Year 1970 into the 21st Century | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Health Care Providers and Professionals | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Physicians | |
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| Dentists | |
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| Pharmacists | |
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| Other Doctoral-Level Health Professionals | |
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| Nurses | |
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| Nonphysician Practitioners | |
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| Allied Health Professionals | |
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| Health Services Administrators | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Technology and Its Effects | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Medical Technology? | |
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| Information Technology | |
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| Use of Medical Technology | |
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| Role of the Government in Technology Diffusion | |
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| Impact of Medical Technology | |
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| Assessment of Medical Technology | |
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| Benefits of Technology Assessment | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Financing and Reimbursement Methods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Effects of Health Care Financing and Insurance | |
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| Insurance: Its Nature and Purpose | |
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| Private Insurance | |
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| Public Insurance | |
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| Reimbursement Methods | |
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| National Health Expenditures | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Outpatient Services and Primary Care | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Outpatient Care? | |
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| Scope of Outpatient Services | |
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| Outpatient Care Settings and Methods of Delivery | |
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| Primary Care | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Hospitals | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Evolution of the Hospital in the United States | |
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| Expansion and Downsizing of Hospitals in the United States | |
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| Access and Utilization by the US Population | |
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| Utilization of Hospital Capacity | |
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| Hospital Employment | |
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| Types of Hospitals | |
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| Licensure, Certification, and Accreditation | |
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| Hospital Organization | |
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| Ethics and Public Trust | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Managed Care and Integrated Organizations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Managed Care? | |
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| Evolution and Growth of Managed Care | |
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| Utilization Control Methods in Managed Care | |
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| Types of Managed Care Organizations | |
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| Impact of Cost, Access, and Quality | |
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| Health Networks | |
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| Types of Integration | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Long-Term Care Services | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is LTC? | |
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| Community-Based LTC Services | |
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| Institutional LTC | |
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| Licensing and Certification of Nursing Homes | |
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| Other LTC Services | |
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| State of the Nursing Home Industry | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Underserved Populations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Framework to Study Vulnerable Populations | |
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| Enabling Characteristics | |
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| Need Characteristics | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Cost, Access, and Quality | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Cost of Health Care | |
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| High in Cost | |
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| Reasons for High Cost | |
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| Cost Containment | |
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| Unequal in Access | |
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| Average in Quality | |
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| Developments in Process Improvement | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Health Policy | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Health Policy? | |
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| Principal Features of US Health Policy | |
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| Development of Legislative Health Policy | |
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| Critical Policy Issues | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Future of Health Services Delivery | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Future of Managed Care, Health Care Costs, and System Reform | |
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| Trends in Health Insurance | |
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| Options for Comprehensive Reform | |
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| National and Global Challenges | |
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| Bioterrorism and the Transformation of Public Health | |
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| Future of Health Care Workforce | |
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| New Frontiers in Technology | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Index | |